Lesson 4

Question 1

Study of the relationship between organisms, their relationship with each other and with their environment

Answer 1

Ecology

Question 2

Ecology - logus/oikios means

Answer 2

Home

Question 3

relationships between people and their environment

Answer 3

Ecology

Question 4

an array of organisms and their physical
environment, all interacting through a flow of energy and a cycling of materials

Answer 4

Ecosystem

Question 5

2 types of ecosystem

Answer 5

• Biological community
• Physical environment

Question 6

Knowledge
Population
Technology
Social organization
Values

Answer 6

Social system

Question 7

is a straight-line sequence of who eats whom in an ecosystem.

Answer 7

Food chain

Question 8

a network of crossing, interlinked food
chains, encompassing primary producers and an array of consumers and decomposers.

Answer 8

Food web

Question 9

Tropical levels

Answer 9

First- primary producers
Second - primary consumers
Third - secondary consumers
Fourth - tertiary consumers

Question 10

Use of the same limiting
resource, with resulting
fitness loss
- Interaction between Interaction between
two species

Answer 10

Competition

Question 11

Use of the same limiting
resource, with resulting
fitness loss
- Interaction between members of a species

Answer 11

Competition

Question 12

Consumption of all or part
of another individual
- between two species

Answer 12

Predation

Question 13

Consumption of all or part
of another individual
Between members

Answer 13

Cannibalism

Question 14

Individuals live in close
association

Answer 14

Mutualism

Question 15

Individuals live in close
association, to cost of host

Answer 15

Parasitism

Question 16

Both benefit

Answer 16

Mutualism

Question 17

One benefits one unharmed

Answer 17

Commensalism

Question 18

One benefited one harmed

Answer 18

Parasitism

Question 19

None benefited none harmed

Answer 19

Neutralism

Question 20

One is harmed one is unharmed

Answer 20

Ammensalism

Question 21

Both harmed

Answer 21

Competition

Question 22

study of human population which includes changes
in population size, composition and its distribution.

Answer 22

Demography

Question 23

Three major components of demography:

Answer 23

• (1) Mortality
• (2) Fertility
• (3) Migration

Question 24

Characteristics of Populations

> is the number of
individuals that make
up the gene pool.

Answer 24

Population size

Question 25

Characteristics of Populations >number of individuals per unit area or per unit volume.

Answer 25

Population density

Question 26

Current World Population

Answer 26

7,771,534,177

Question 27

Characteristics of Populations How people are spread across the earth

Answer 27

Population distribution

Question 28

Reasons for distribution of population

Answer 28

Physical Socioeconomical Cultural Historical

Question 29

Characteristics of Populations characterizes the population according to the number of individuals in each of several age categories

Answer 29

Age structure

Question 30

Characteristics of Populations >Way of life of an individual or of the community

Answer 30

Lifestyle

Question 31

Lifestyle is influenced by

Answer 31

age;income; geography

Question 32

Predictor of health conditions

Answer 32

Lifestyle

Question 33

represents a doubling of the population in a specified time.

Answer 33

_Exponential Growth

Question 34

Exponential growth curve is called

Answer 34

J shaped growth curve

Question 35

maximum rate of increase an individual can produce Population

Answer 35

Biotic potential

Question 36

highest population that can be maintained indefinitely

Answer 36

Carrying capacity

Question 37

Biotic potential is ›Limited by:

Answer 37

Environmental resistance

Question 38

Density-Dependent Control (Resource limiting)

Answer 38

Competition Predation Parasitism and disease

Question 39

Density-Independent Control (Condition-limiting)

Answer 39

Natural disaster Unusual weather

Question 40

>medical science that focuses on the occurrence, distribution and determinants of disease frequency in a populations How many & why

Answer 40

Epidemiology

Question 41

merely refers to the number of cases of a disease or other health phenomenon being studied (Friis, 2010).

Answer 41

Counts

Question 42

refers to the occurrence of a new disease or mortality within a defined period of observation

Answer 42

Incidence

Question 43

refers to the number of existing cases of a disease or health condition, or deaths in a population at some designated time (

Answer 43

Prevalence

Question 44

type of rate that has not been modified to take account of any of the factors such as demographic makeup of the population that may affect the observed rate. These are summary rates based on the actual number of events in a population over a given time period.

Answer 44

Crude rate

Question 45

refers to the number of deaths due to a disease that occur among persons who are afflicted with that disease.

Answer 45

Case Fatality Rate

Question 46

refers to mortality (or the frequency of a given disease) divided by the population size at that midpoint of a time period times a multiplier.

Answer 46

Cause specific rate

Question 47

refers to the number of years that a person is expected to live, at any particular year.

Answer 47

Life Expectancy

Question 48

encompasses maternal deaths that result from causes associated with pregnancy.

Answer 48

Maternal mortality

Question 49

number of infant deaths among infants aged 0 to 365 days during a year divided by the number of live births during the same year (expressed as the rate per 1,000 births)

Answer 49

Infant mortality rate

Question 50

defined as the death of the fetus when it is in the uterus and before it has been delivered

Answer 50

Fetal mortality

Question 51

refers to the number of live births during a specified period such as a year per the resident population at the midpoint of the year.

Answer 51

Crude birth rate -