Lesson 4 - Integ System Book Flashcards
1
Q
contributes to homeostasis by protecting the body and helping regulate body temperature. It also allows you to sense pleasurable, painful, and other stimuli in your external environment.
A
The integumentary system
2
Q
Why is it so difficult to save the life of someone with extensive third-degree burns ?
A
Because of the following,
- infection risk
- fluid loss
- thermoregulation
- organ damage
- pain management
- nutritional support
- long term care
3
Q
Functions of the Integumentary System (6)
A
- Regulates body temperature
- stores blood
- protects body from external environment
- detects cutaneous sensations
- excretes and absorbs substances
- synthesizes9 vitamin D
4
Q
serves as a storage depot for fat and contains large blood vessels that supply the skin
A
Subcutaneous layer
5
Q
Contains nerve endings
A
Lamellated corpuscles
6
Q
contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, intraepidermal macrophages, and tactile epithelial
A
Epidermis
7
Q
90% of epidermal cells
A
keratinocytes
8
Q
Keratinocytes are arranged in ___ to ____ layers and produce the protein keratin
A
4 to 5 layers
9
Q
About 8% of the epidermal cells are what?
A
melanocytes
10
Q
arise from red bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis
A
Intraepidermal macrophages or Langerhans cells
11
Q
White blood cells / immunity
A
Intraepidermal macrophages or Langerhans cells
12
Q
Detect touch sensations
A
Tactile Epithelial Cells
13
Q
Exposure to friction is greatest (skin)
A
Thick Skin
14
Q
Covers all body regions except the palms, palmar surfaces of digits, and soles
A
Thin Skin
15
Q
- Stratum basale
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- (Thin) Stratum corneum
A
Thin Skin
16
Q
- Stratum basale
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum
- (Thick) Stratum corneum
A
Thick Skin
17
Q
Epidermal ridges present due to well developed and more numerous dermal papillae organized in parallel rows
A
Thick Skin
18
Q
Epidermal ridges Lacking due to poorly developed, fewer and less well organized dermal papillae
A
Thin Skin
19
Q
Hair follicles and arrector pili muscles are Absent
A
Thick Skin
20
Q
Sebaceous glands are present (skin)
A
Thin Skin
21
Q
Sensory receptors are sparser
A
Thin Skin
22
Q
Deepest layer composed of single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes that contain scattered keratin intermediate filaments (tonofilaments)
A
Basale
23
Q
8 to 10 rows of many sided keratinocytes with bundles of keratin intermediate filaments
A
Spinosum
24
Q
Three to five rows of flattened keratinocytes, in which organelles are beginning to degenerate
A
Granulosum
25
Present only in skin of fingertips, palms and soles
Lucidom
26
Few to 50 or more rows of dead, flat keratinocytes
Corneum
27
Stratum: stem cells undergo cell division to produce new keratinocytes; melanocytes and tactile epithelial cells associated with tactile discs are scattered among keratinocytess
Basale
28
Stratum: contains projections of melanocytes and intraepidermal macrophages
Spinosum
29
Stratum: cells contain the protein keratohyalin and lamellar granules
Granulosum
30
Stratum: consists of four to six rows of clear, flat, dead keratinocytes with large amounts of keratin
Lucidum
31
Can Love Get So Bony
- Corneum
- Lucidum
- Granulosum
- Spinosum
- Basale
32
Newly formed cells in the stratum basale are slowly pushed to the surface where, as the cells move from one epidermal layer, they accumulate more and more keratin
From _______________ to _______________ to ______________
Keratinization to Apoptosis to slough off
33
Duration: _____ to ______ weeks in an average epidermis of .1mm from keratinization to apoptosis to slough off
4 to 6 weeks
34
Excessive keratinized cells shed from the skin of the scalp
Dandruff
35
Dead Keratin Layers Is Located In which Stratum ?
Stratum Corneum
36
Lamellar Granule Is Located In which Stratum ?
Stratum Lucidum
37
Desmosome, Langerhans cell and Keratinocyte Is Located In which Stratum ?
Stratum Spinosum
38
Melanocyte Is Located In which Stratum ?
Stratum Basale
39
A common and chronic skin disorder in which keratinocytes divide and move more quickly than normal from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum
Psoriasis
40
Thickening of Corneuom
Psoriasis
41
- Composed of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers
- Blood vessels, nerves, glands, and hair follicles
Dermis
42
What Region?
- Dermal papillae
- Corpuscles of touch or Meissner corpuscles
- Free nerve endings
Papillary Region
43
What Region?
- Contains bundles of thick collagen fibers, scattered fibroblasts, and various wandering cells
- Some adipose cells & along with some coarse elastic fibers
- Extensibility & Elasticity
Reticular Region
44
What Region?
Deeper Portion of dermis consists of dense irregular connective tissue with bundles of thick collagen and some coarse elastic fibers. Space between fibers contain some adipose cells, hair follicles, nerve, sebaceous glands, and sudoriferous glands.
Reticular Region
45
Superficial portion of dermis consists of areolar connective tissue with thin collagen and fine elastic fibers; contains dermal ridges that house blood capillaries, corpuscles of touch, and free nerve endings.
Papillary Region
46
- A form of internal scarring
- Initially appear as reddish streaks and later, after
scar forms at these sites of dermal breakdown, the
stretch marks appear as silvery white streaks
- Often occur in the abdominal skin during
pregnancy, on the skin of weight lifters, stretched skin accompanying gross obesity
Stretch Marks or Striae Marks
47
- Surfaces of the palms, fingers, soles, and toes have a series of ridges and grooves
- Ridges are produced during the third month of fetal development as downward projections of the epidermis into the dermis between the dermal papillae of the papillary region
Epidermal Ridges
48
the ducts of sweat glands open on the tops of the epidermal ridges as sweat pores, the sweat and ridges form ___________ or _________
Finger Prints or Foot Prints
49
study of pattern of epidermal ridges
Dermatoglyphics
50
Melanin thats yellow to red
Pheomelanin
51
Melanin thats brown to black
Eumelanin
52
red pigment in RBCs
Hemoglobin
53
yellow-orange pigment
stored in the stratum corneum and adipose tissue
Carotene
54
A congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes due to a defect of an enzyme involved in the production of melanin
Albinism
55
- A chronic disorder that causes depigmentation patches in the skin
- The precise cause is not known, but
is most likely a combination of genetic factors coupled with a disorder of the immune system (autoimmune disease)
Vitiligo
56
- Skin appears bluish
- Blood is not picking up an adequate
amount of oxygen from the lungs
Cyanotic
57
- Due to a buildup of the yellow pigment bilirubin in the skin
- Gives a yellowish appearance to the skin and the whites of the eyes and usually indicates liver disease
Jaundice
58
Redness of the skin
Erythema
59
Paleness of the skin
- May occur in conditions
such as shock and anemia
Pallor
60
Hypodermis also called
Subcutaneous layer
61
Attaches the skin to underlying tissues and organs
Subcutaneous tissue layer
62
- Present on most body surfaces except the palms and palmar surfaces of fingers as well as the soles and plantar surfaces of the feet
- Composed of dead, keratinized epidermal cells
- Genetic and hormonal influences determine the thickness and distribution
Hair or pili
63
The parts of a hair include: above the skin surface
The shaft
64
The parts of a hair include: below the level of the skin
The follicle
65
root that penetrates into the dermis
Epithelial and dermal root shealth
66
- A substance that removes hair
- Dissolves the protein in the hair shaft turning
it into a gelatinous mass that can be wiped away regrowth of the hair occurs
Depilatory
67
- An electric current is used to destroy the hair matrix so the hair cannot regrow
Electrocytes
68
Stage that Cells of the hair matrix divide
Growth stage
69
Stage of Cells of the hair matrix stop dividing, the hair follicle atrophies (shrinks) & the hair stops growing
Regression stage
70
Scalp hair stage: 2 to 6 years
Growth stage
71
Scalp hair stage 2 to 3 weeks
Regression Stage
72
Scalp hair stage 3 months
Resting stage
73
Normal hair loss in the adult scalp is about ____ to _____ hairs per day
70 to 100 per day
74
True or False ? Rate of shedding also increases for three to four months after childbirth
True
75
Excessive body hair or body hair in areas that usually are not hairy
Hirsutism
76
- Male pattern baldness
- First drug approved for enhancing scalp
hair growth was minoxidil (Rogaine)
Androgenic
77
- Female pattern baldness
- First drug approved for enhancing scalp
hair growth was minoxidil (Rogaine)
Alopecia
78
Prior to birth, the lanugo of the eyebrows, eyelashes, and scalp are shed and replaced by long, coarse, heavily pigmented hairs called
Terminal Hairs
79
the follicles produce very fine, nonpigmented, downy hairs called ___________ that cover the body of the fetus
Lanugo
80
The lanugo of the rest of the body are replaced by ___________ hairs commonly called “peach fuzz,” which are short, fine, pale hairs that are barely visible to the naked eye
Vellus
81
Deeper dyes
Semipermanent dyes
82
Color that indicates lack if melanin
Gray/white
83
3 types of sweat glands
- Sebaceous Glands (oil)
- Sudoriferous Glands (sweat)
- Ceraminous Glands (earwax)
84
Simple branched acinar glands connected to hair follicles
Sebaceous Glands
85
Eccrine Sweat Glands & Apocrine Swear Glands are both _________________
Sudoriferous Glands
86
Modified sweat glands located in the ear canal
Ceruminous Glands
87
Apocrine: Bacteria
Musky Odor
88
Eccrine: Main function: Regulate body temperature
through evaporation
Thermoregulatory Sweating
89
sweat that evaporates from the skin before it is perceived
Insensible Perspiration
90
sweat that is excreted in larger amounts and
is seen as moisture on skin
Sensible Perspiration
91
Response to emotional stress
Emotional Sweating / Cold Sweat
92
An inflammation of sebaceous glands that usually begins at puberty
Acne
93
the infection may cause a cyst or sac of connective tissue cells to
form (can destroy and displace epidermal cells); can permanently scar the epidermis
Cystic Acne
94
- Abnormally large amount of cerumen in the external auditory canal
- If it accumulates until it becomes impacted (firmly wedged), sound waves may be prevented from reaching the eardrum
- Treatment periodic ear irrigation with enzymes to dissolve the wax and removal of wax with a blunt instrument by trained medical personnel
Impacted Cerumen
95
True Or False ? The use of cotton tipped swabs or sharp objects is recommended for this purpose because they may clean the cerumen, external auditory canal and the eardrum
False
They may push the cerumen further into the external auditory canal and damage the eardrum
96
- Plates of tightly packed, hard, dead, keratinized epidermal cells that form a clear, solid covering over the dorsal surfaces of the distal portions of the digits
Nails
97
- Occurs when superficial wounds affect only the epidermis
- Involve only slight damage to superficial epidermal cells
- Common types of epidermal wounds include abrasions, in which a portion
of skin has been scraped away, and minor burns
Epidermal Wound Healing
98
Four phases of wound healing:
Inflammatory Phase
Migratory Phase
Prouferative Phase
Remodeling Phase
99
A scar that makes a visible bulging line
Keloid
100
A scar that isnt bulging out
Hypertrophic Scars
101
Epidermis develops from __________
Ectoderm
102
Dermis develops from _______
Mesoderm
103
When your old, Dehydration and cracking
- Sweat production ________
- Number of functional melanocytes ________ resulting
in gray hair and atypical skin pigmentation
Decrease
Decrease
104
- A skin condition that affects mostly light skinned adults between the ages of 30 and 60
- It is characterized by redness, tiny pimples, and noticeable blood vessels, usually in the central area of the face
Rosacea
105
Disorder when Excessive exposure to ultraviolet light
Skin Cancer
106
3 major types of skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma
107
Tissue damage caused by excessive heat, electricity, radioactivity, or corrosive chemicals that denature (break down) the proteins in the skin cells
- Graded according to their severity
Burns
108
The___________ is used to estimate the surface area of an adult affected by a burn
Rule of 9
109
- With age, there is an increased susceptibility to pressure ulcers (“bed sores”)
- When shedding of epithelium caused by a deficiency of blood flow to tissues occurs, pressure ulcers can develop
Pressure Ulcer
110
Shedding of epithelium caused by a constant deficienct=y of blood flow of tissues
Pressure ulcer
