Lesson 7 (Part 1)

Question 1

What are the 2 most effective ways to visualize the brain?

Answer 1

1. MRI
2. CT

• the skull makes using U/S not a good choice

Question 2

What kind of brain can you see using an ultrasound? Why?

Answer 2

1. A fetal brain
2. Thinner bone structure
   - visualized through inclosed fontanels

Question 3

What can the circle of Willis be assessed on?

Answer 3

Transcranial Doppler

- TCD

Question 4

Fontanelles

Answer 4

Soft spots

Question 5

What fontanelle is the biggest?

Answer 5

The frontal

Question 6

How many layers are there in the scalp?

Answer 6

5

Question 7

What is the acronym for the layers of the scalp?

Answer 7

SCALP

Question 8

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

Answer 8

1. Skin
2. Connective tissue
3. Aponeurosis
4. Loose areolar tissue
5. Periosteum

Question 9

What is the connective tissue layer made up of? (2)

Answer 9

1. Subcutaneous fat

2. Fibrous tissue

Question 10

What does the connective tissue layer hold? (2)

Answer 10

1. Nerves

2. Vessels

Question 11

What is the aponeuosis layer made up of?

Answer 11

Dense fibrous tissue

Question 12

What is the loose areolar layer made up of?

Answer 12

Contains collagen

- allows upper layers to move around

Question 13

What is the hardest layer of the scalp?

Answer 13

The periosteum

Question 14

What are the 2 layers that make up dura matter?

Answer 14

1. Endosteal layer

2. Meningeal layer

Question 15

What is only pierced through the dura mater? (3)

Answer 15

1. Cranial nerves
2. Carotid
3. Vertebral vessels

Question 16

What are the 3 types of meninges?

Answer 16

1. Dura mater
2. Arachnoid mater
3. Pia mater

Question 17

Arachnoid mater

Answer 17

Delicate middle layer where the vessels flow through

Question 18

What do the arachnoid villi protrude?

Answer 18

Into the dural venous sinuses

- CSF reabsorption

Question 19

Pia mater

Answer 19

Innermost thin vascular layer continuous with contours of the brain

Question 20

What is between the endodsteal and periosteum layer?

Answer 20

Bone

Question 21

What is the brains way of bringing blood back to the heart?

Answer 21

Venous sinuses

Question 22

What is pia mater continuous with? (2)

Answer 22

1. Gyrus
   - mountains
2. Sulcus
   - valleys

Question 23

Flax cerebri

Answer 23

Is part of the dura mater that comes down and splits the brain into 2 different hemispheres
- but not all the way

Question 24

How many cranial bones are there?

Answer 24

8

Question 25

What are the 6 types of cranial bones? (8 in total)

Answer 25

1. Frontal 2. Parietal - 2 3. Temporal - 2 4. Occipital 5. Sphenoid 6. Ethmoid

Question 26

What are the main parts of the brain? (7)

Answer 26

1. Frontal lobe 2. Parietal lobe 3. Occipital lobe 4. Temporal lobe 5. Cerebrum 6. Cerebellum 7. Spinal cord

Question 27

Gyrus

Answer 27

Outpouching part of brain tissue | - mountains

Question 28

Sulcus

Answer 28

Portion that is recessed in | - valley

Question 29

Central sulcus

Answer 29

Large coronal sulus dividing frontal and parietal lobes

Question 30

Precentral gyrus

Answer 30

Front part from the central sulcus

Question 31

Postcentral gyrus

Answer 31

Back part from the central sulcus

Question 32

Sylvian fissure

Answer 32

Fissure on the lateral aspect dividing temporal lobe below from the frontal and parietal lobes above

Question 33

Where does the sylvian fissure end?

Answer 33

In the insula

Question 34

How many sylvian fissures are there?

Answer 34

2

Question 35

What does the sphenoid look like?

Answer 35

A bat