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IMED3002 > Limbic System > Flashcards

Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the limbic system?

A

It is a part of the brain that is made up of phylogenetically ancient cortical and subcortical structures.

The limbic system contains neural circuits for instinctive and emotional aspects of behaviour and memory.

It contains rich interconnections with the hypothalamus.

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2
Q

What drives is the limbic system responsible for?

A

It motivates our basic biological drives:

The four “F”s:

Fighting
Fleeing
Feeding
Fornicating

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3
Q

What are the structures that make up the limbic system?

A

Limbic lobe

Hypothalamus

Mammillary bodies

Fornix

Hippocampus

Amygdala

Thalamus

Septal nuclei

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4
Q

What are the septal nuclei?

A

A small group of nuclei in the medial wall of the frontal lobe having reciprocal connections with olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and amygdala

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5
Q

What does the corpus collosum do?

A

Joins the hemispheres of the brain to each other

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6
Q

What is the eyeball of the “chicken head” which points anteriorly?

A

Interthalamic adhesion which joins the 2 thalami.

Depression on chicken’s face is the 3rd ventricle.

The beak is the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland is attached at the end to the hypothalamus.

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7
Q

Why is the pituitary gland held in place in the skull?

A

Pieces of dura mater surround it in the sella turcica.

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8
Q

Where does the sphenoid bone sit relative to the brain stem?

A

Anterior

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9
Q

What is the cingulate gyrus?

A

Brain tissue that sits on top of corpus collosum and runs in a C shape.

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10
Q

What is the name of the tissue that covers the hole to the lateral ventricle?

A

Septum pallisidum

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11
Q

What are the mammillary bodies?

A

The 2 breast like structures that look like necklace beads around the neck of the chicken. (the mammillary bodies sit under the optic chiasm and anterior + superior to cerebral peduncle)

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12
Q

What structure joins the hypothalamus to the thalamus?

A

The fornix (hypocampal formation)

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13
Q

What structure lies medial to the hippocampus?

A

The amygdala

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14
Q

What tracts go from hypothalamus to thalamus?

A

Mammillary tracts

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15
Q

What shape is the hippocampus in coronal section?

A

S shaped (or sea horse but i don’t see it…)

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16
Q

What nuclei sit next to 3rd and 4th ventricles?

A

Mammillary fornix tract

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17
Q

What sits between head and body of our pregnant seahorse (which just looks like an S to me)?

A

The hippocampus

18
Q

What is the hippocampus important for?

A

Memory (long term)

19
Q

What is the hippocampus important for?

A

Memory (long term)

20
Q

What structures sit directly underneath the 2 lateral ventricles and form large nuclei?

A

The thalami

21
Q

Where does the hippocampus sit in regards to the temporal lobe?

A

Inferiorly and medially from a projection that faces the brainstem

22
Q

What gyrus does the middle of the hippocampus contain?

A

The dentate gyrus

23
Q

What is unique about the dentate gyrus and why?

A

Only part of the brain capable of neurogenesis. It does this in response to learning.

24
Q

What part of the thalamus are mammillary bodies a part of?

A

The hypothalamus

25
Q

What is the hippocampal formation made up of?

A

Mammillary bodies, Fornix, heading towards the hippocampus

26
Q

How long is the hippocampus?

A

5cm long

27
Q

What are the major parts of the hippocampal formation?

A

3 major parts: Subiculum, hippocampus, dentate gyrus.

Dentate gyrus is involved in neurogenesis for formation of new memories.

28
Q

What is the dentate gyrus for?

A

Dentate gyrus is involved in neurogenesis for formation of new memories.

29
Q

What part of the brain is located next to the hippocampus?

A

The parahippocampal gyrus

30
Q

What is the order of hippocampul substructures from proximal to distal?

A

Parahippocampal gyrus (located more laterally and adjacent to the hippocampus) -> Subiculum -> Ammon horn -> dentate gyrus

31
Q

Why are mammilary bodies considered to be part of the hypothalamus?

A

They are located anterior and inferior to the thalamus

32
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Regulates basic drives as the main “effector” of the limbic system

Central regulator of autonomic and endocrine functions

33
Q

How are mammillary bodies connected to the rest of the hypothalamus?

A

Via projecting fibers from thalamus, brainstem, and hippocampus

34
Q

What is the function of the fornix?

A

It is the principle efferent pathway from the hippocampus.

35
Q

What does the fornix look like?

A

It is a C-shaped fascicle of fibers that links hippocampus with the mammiary bodies of the hypothalamus

It also projects to a small group of nuclei in medial wall of frontal lobe known as septal nuclei

36
Q

What is the fornix?

A

Fibers arising from cell bodies in the subiculum and hippocampus proper gather into fascicle called the fornix

37
Q

What 2 structures does the fornix connect?

A

The hippocampus and the hypothalamus (some fibers continue to the frontal lobe)

38
Q

What 3 nuclei make up the amygdala?

A

Central nucleus

Corticomedial nuclei

Basolateral nuclei

39
Q

What does the amygdala do?

A

Recieves afferent information from senses (visual, auditory, somatosensory, gustatory, olfactory) from brainstem.

Amygdala then sends information to the hypothalamus through the stria terminalis

40
Q

What does the fornix do?

A

Contains fibers arising from cell bodies in subiculum and hippocampus proper gather into fascicle called the fornix.

It is the principle efferent pathway from the hippocampus.

It is a C-shaped fascicle of fibers that links hippocampus with the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus, also projects to septal nuclei (small group of nuclei in medial wall of frontal lobe)

41
Q

What does the stria terminalis do?

A

Sends messages from the hippocampus to the hypothalamus

42
Q

What is the simple papez circuit?

A

A circuit formed between the hippocampus, mammalary bodies, thalamus anterior nuclei, and cingulate cortex

IMED3002 (46 decks)

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