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biochem > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

A heterogeneous class of naturally occurring organic compounds classified
together on the basis of common solubility properties.

A

Lipids

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2
Q

Substances made up of different compositions and structures.

A

Lipids

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3
Q

Insoluble in water, but soluble in organic (nonpolar) solvents including diethyl
ether, dichloromethane, and acetone.

A

Lipids

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4
Q

Compounds with a waxy, greasy or oily characteristic, commonly found in

A

plants
and animals.

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5
Q

lipids are Insoluble in water, but soluble in organic (nonpolar) solvents including ______

A

diethyl
ether, dichloromethane, and acetone.

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6
Q

Energy-storage lipids

A

triacylglycerols

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7
Q

Membrane lipids

A
  • phospholipids, sphingoglycolipids, and cholesterol
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8
Q

Emulsification lipids

A
  • bile acids
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9
Q

Chemical messenger lipids

A

steroid hormones and eicosanoids

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10
Q

Protective-coating lipids

A

biological waxes

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11
Q
  • Lipids exhibit structural diversity.
  • Some are ___ some are ____and some are _____
    and some are
A

esters,, amides, alcohols (acyclic and cyclic), polycyclic.

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12
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS
Two Main Classes:

A

Saponifiable lipids

Nonsaponifiable lipids

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13
Q

can undergo saponification reaction, a process of
hydrolyzing esters under basic conditions.

A

Saponifiable lipids

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14
Q

these are esters and thus all
belong to the first class.

A

Triglycerides, waxes, phospholipids, and sphingolipids

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15
Q

this is also Further classified as simple and complex lipids, based on the number of
components in their structure.

A

Saponifiable lipids –

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16
Q

Simple lipids are made up of____while complex lipids
are made of ________

A

fatty acids and an alcohol

fatty acids, an alcohol, plus other components.

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17
Q

are not esters and cannot be hydrolyzed.
* Steroids and prostaglandins belong to this class.

A

Nonsaponifiable lipids

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18
Q

simple lipids:

A

waxes, triglycerides

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19
Q

complex lipids

A

phosphoglycerides, spingolipids

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20
Q

nmonsaponifiable lipids

A

steroids, prostaglandins

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21
Q

Lipids fundamental building blocks.

A

FATTY ACIDS

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22
Q

When in aqueous solution, ions of fatty acids
associate with one another to form a spherical
clusters, called

A

micelles.

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23
Q

Nonpolar chains are held together by ___

A

weak
dispersion forces.

24
Q

Large micelles contains large number of ____

A

fatty acid
molecules.

25
Q

___are important in a
number of biological functions, such as the
transport of insoluble lipids in the blood.

A

Micelle formation and structure

26
Q

COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF FATTY ACIDS FOUND IN
NATURAL LIPIDS

A
  • Straight-chains carboxylic acids (unbranched).
  • Most common fatty acids has size ranging from 10 to 20 carbons.
  • Even number of carbon atoms.
27
Q

NATURAL LIPIDS Two types:

A

Saturated
* Unsaturated

28
Q

all C-C bonds are single bonds, no double bonds

A

Saturated

29
Q

contains one or more double bonds

A

Unsaturated

30
Q

one C=C bond

A

Monounsaturated

31
Q

2 or more C=C bonds present - up to six double bonds
are present in fatty acids

A

Polyunsaturated

32
Q

Two shorthand notations used for representing fatty acids:

A

Delta notation (Δ)
Omega notation (ω) (unsaturated)

33
Q

counting of C starts from the carboxyl end

A

Delta notation (Δ) -

34
Q

– reference is the methyl end carbon,
which is the opposite of delta carbon; also known as the nutritional notation.

A

Omega notation (ω) (unsaturated) –

35
Q

Ω-3 family

A

– linolenic acids

36
Q

Ω-6 family

A

linoleic and arachidonic acids

37
Q

Ω-9 family

A

oleic acid

38
Q

creates a long
characteristic bend, or kink in the
fatty acid chain that is not found in
saturated fatty acids.

A

Cis configuration

39
Q

Most of unsaturated fatty acids exist in nature usually contain ___ in the
cis configuration.

A

double bonds

40
Q

The longer the C chain the ___
the melting point

A

higher

41
Q

Three essential fatty acids:

A

Linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid)
* Linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid)
* Arachidonic acid

42
Q

Prevents cardiovascular
diseases, heart diseases

A
  • Linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid)
  • Linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid)
43
Q

are both used to produce hormone-like substances that
regulate a wide range of functions and characteristics such as inflammation
response to injury and infection, blood pressure, blood clotting, blood lipid levels
and immune response.

A

Linoleic and linolenic acids

44
Q

is not found in plants, but can be synthesized by mammals only
from linoleic acid.

A

Arachidonic acid

45
Q

A triester of glycerol with three fatty acids.

A

Triglyceride

46
Q

In triglycerides, all three _____ of glycerol are esterified with fatty acids.

A

hydroxyl groups

47
Q

In triglycerides, The reaction process involved is called

A

esterification

48
Q

Fats and oils that are produced naturally are

A

mixtures of triglycerides

49
Q

if the three –OH groups of the glycerol are esterified to the
same fatty acids such as trispalmitin, triolein.

A

Simple TAGs

50
Q

different fatty acids are esterified to the –OH groups of glycerol.

A

Mixed TAGs

51
Q

Triglycerides rich in unsaturated fatty acids are generally liquid at room
temperature and are called oils.

A

(Low melting points)

52
Q

Triglycerides rich in unsaturated fatty acids

A

Plant sources such as corn oil, sunflower oil

53
Q

Triglycerides rich in saturated fatty acids are generally semisolids or solids
at room temperature and are called fats.

A

(High melting points)

54
Q

hydrolyzes fats and oils by treating with water and an acid catalyst to
yield glycerol and fatty acids. The reverse process of ester formation.
* The most important reactions of fats and oils.

A

Hydrolysis

55
Q

=

A

biochem (45 decks)

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