Lipids

Question 1

Steatorrhea is lipid malabsorption due to defects in

Answer 1

bile secretion

pancreatic function

cell uptake

Question 2

Cholesterol esters are digested into

Answer 2

cholesterol

free Fatty acids

Question 3

products of lipid absorption form …………….. with bile salts

Answer 3

mixed micelles

Question 4

Dietary lipids are INSOLUBLE and are therefore packed into

Answer 4

chylomicrons

for export

Question 5

Chylomicrons are released by exocytosis into

Answer 5

lymph then into the blood

Question 6

What happens when blood chylomicrons reach tissue?

Answer 6

TAG in chylomicrons is hydrolysed to FA and glycerol (by lipoprotein lipase)

Question 7

Chylomicrons depleted of TAG are called

Answer 7

chylomicrons remnants

Question 8

lipoprotein lipase is found in the

Answer 8

capillaries of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

Question 9

resulting FA (from chylomicron breakdown)) is used for

Answer 9

energy

re-esterified to TAG for STORAGE

Question 10

Omega 3 FA are derived from

Answer 10

linoleic acid

Question 11

Omega 3 lowers ………….. and prevents …………..

Answer 11

cholesterol

atherosclerosis

Question 12

Phospholipids consist of

Answer 12

2 FA

phosphate group

Question 13

TAG is digested in the………. by………….

Answer 13

small intestine

pancreatic ligase

Question 14

Unsaturated

Answer 14

one or more double bond`

Question 15

saturated

Answer 15

no double bonds

Question 16

Good fats

Answer 16

polyunsaturated FA (veg oil)

Question 17

Bad fats

Answer 17

saturated FA (beef)

Question 18

essential FA

Answer 18

linoleic and linoleic acid

Question 19

lipids give us what vitamins?

Answer 19

A D E K

Question 20

In adipose cells TAG are stored as

Answer 20

droplets

Question 21

TAG is the most efficient

Answer 21

storage form of fuel

Question 22

How are FA release from stored TAG in adipose tissue?

Answer 22

by hormone sensitive lipase

Question 23

High plasma glucose and insulin promote

Answer 23

Dephosphorylation of lipase

Question 24

HSL activated in response to

Answer 24

epinephrine

Question 25

Lipoproteins

Answer 25

esterified FA

Question 26

Free FA transported through the blood in complex with

Answer 26

serum albumin

Question 27

Chylomicrons are TAG

Answer 27

rich

Question 28

VLDL are TAG

Answer 28

rich

Question 29

LDL is cholesterol

Answer 29

rich BAD Cholesterol

Question 30

HDL is cholesterol and protein

Answer 30

rich GOOD cholesterol

Question 31

free esterified FA leaves the adipocyte and binds to albumin transported to tissue where it is

Answer 31

activated by CoA derivative then OXIDISED

Question 32

beta oxidation pathway degrades FAs

Answer 32

two carbons at a time

Question 33

beta oxidation of FA produces

Answer 33

Acetyl CoA NADH + FADH2 (sources of energy)

Question 34

Beta oxidation of FA occurs in the

Answer 34

mitochondrial matrix

Question 35

3 stages of beta oxidation

Answer 35

activation transport degradation

Question 36

Transport of FA into the

Answer 36

mitochondria

Question 37

FA is activated to form ......... in the .............

Answer 37

fatty acyl CoA cytoplasm

Question 38

CAT-1 (carnitine fatty acyl-transferase) is inhibited by

Answer 38

malonyl CoA

Question 39

Carnitine from our

Answer 39

diet lysine + methionine (liver/kidney)

Question 40

Carnitine shuttle transports ........ from outside to the inside of the........

Answer 40

long-chain fatty acyl CoA mitochondria

Question 41

CAT-1 deficiency

Answer 41

hypoglycaemia improves with IV glucose t

Question 42

therapy for CAT-1 deficiency is to give

Answer 42

medium chain FA that do not require CAT for mitochondrial transport

Question 43

Degradation 4 step

Answer 43

dehydrogenation (FADH2) hydration dehydrogenation (NADH) thiolysis (acetyl CoA)

Question 44

Thiolysis produces Acetyl CoA to feed into the

Answer 44

TCA cycle

Question 45

7 beta oxidations would produce ........ acetyl CoA

Answer 45

8

Question 46

1 glucose molecules creates

Answer 46

32 ATP

Question 47

beta oxidation is less efficient in the

Answer 47

peroxisome

Question 48

Animal cannot convert FA to

Answer 48

glucose

Question 49

excess acetyl CoA from fat metabolism can be converted into

Answer 49

ketone bodies

Question 50

which muscles use ketone bodies as fuel?

Answer 50

cardiac and skeletal

Question 51

uncontrolled diabetes gives

Answer 51

ketone bodies

Question 52

Where do we get FA?

Answer 52

Acetyl CoA diet

Question 53

Carnitine shuttle only occurs when....

Answer 53

citrate concentration in the mitochondria is too high

Question 54

FA synthesis requires

Answer 54

Acetyl CoA and NADPH

Question 55

Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) is needed for formation of

Answer 55

malonyl CoA

Question 56

ACC is activated by........... and deactivated by ............

Answer 56

citrate palmitoyl CoA

Question 57

How many NADPH needed for plamitate synthesis?

Answer 57

14

Question 58

Acetyl CoA ---> FA ----> TAG ---->

Answer 58

VLDL ---> adipose tissue

Question 59

Cholesterol is the starting material for the synthesis of

Answer 59

steroid hormones

Question 60

Cholesterols

Answer 60

component of the cell membrane made mainly in the liver found in animal only Acetyl CoA --> cholesterol --> vit D/ steroid hormones etc etc

Question 61

Statins lower...

Answer 61

LDL levels

Question 62

eicosanoids

Answer 62

signalling molecules

Question 63

eicosanoids are derived from

Answer 63

omega 3 or 6 FA

Question 64

eicosanoids regulate

Answer 64

inflammatory response pain and fever blood pressure