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Pathology > Liver and Gallbladder > Flashcards

Liver and Gallbladder Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Conditions for acute liver injury

A

80-90% parenchymal loss within 26 weeks post-insult, no pre-existing liver disease, enceph or coagulopathy

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2
Q

Kidney failure in liver failure patients without an intrinsic kidney dysfunction

A

Hepatorenal syndrome

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3
Q

Transformation of liver into regenerating parenchymal nodules surrounded by dense bands of scar with variable degrees of vascular shunting

A

Cirrhosis

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4
Q

Most common cause of portal HTN

A

Cirrhosis

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5
Q

Major outcomes of portal HTN

A

APES - ascites, portosystemic shunt, enceph, splenomegaly

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6
Q

Present in hepatopulmonary syndrome due to V/Q mismatch

A

Platypnea (dyspnea on upright position as V/Q mismatch is accentuated)

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7
Q

Hallmark of chronic viral hepatitis

A

Portal inflammation (absent in acute)

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8
Q

Eosinophilic inclusions found in viral hepatitis

A

Councilman bodies

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9
Q

Circulating antibodies in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis

A

ANA and anti-SMA (occurs in older people, more favorable prognosis)

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10
Q

Circulating antibodies in type 2 autoimmune hepatitis

A

Anti-LKM-1 (occurs in kids and teens, less favorable prognosis)

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11
Q

Predictable, dose-dependent hepatotoxic drug

A

Paracetamol / acetaminophen

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12
Q

Idiosyncratic, dose-independent hepatotoxic drug

A

Chlorpromazine and halothane

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13
Q

Three morphologic patterns of alcoholic liver disease

A

Hepatocellular steatosis, alcoholic steatohepatitis, steatofibrosis

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14
Q

Level of alcohol ingestion needed for development of alcoholic liver disease

A

80 g/day (AST > ALT elevation)

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15
Q

Found in alcoholic steatohepatitis

A

Mallory-Denk bodies

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16
Q

Found in alcoholic steatofibrosis

A

Perisinusoidal chicken wire fence pattern of fibrosis

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17
Q

Triad of hemochromatosis (200x greater risk for HCC)

A

Micronodular cirrhosis, DM, abnormal skin pigmentation

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18
Q

Impaired copper excretion into bile and incorporation to ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson disease

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19
Q

Manifestations of Wilson disease in liver, brain, and eye

A

Liver: steatosis to cirrhosis, brain: putaminal atrophy and cavitations leading to movement d/o, Eye: Kayser-Fleisher rings in corneal limbus

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20
Q

Bilirubin level for jaundice

A

2-2.5 mg/dl

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21
Q

Most common cause of large bile duct obstruction in children

A

Biliary atresia

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22
Q

Charcot’s triad of ascending cholangitis

A

Fever, RUQ pain, jaundice (+ mental status changes and hypotension for Raynaud’s pentad)

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23
Q

Causes of neonatal cholestasis

A

Neonatal hepatitis vs extrahepatic biliary atresia (correct with Kasai procedure)

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24
Q

Main diseases of autoimmune cholangiopathies

Study These Flashcards
A

Primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis

25
Autoimmune cholangiopathy that occurs more in 50 year females
Primary biliary cirrhosis (vs younger males for sclerosing cholangitis)
26
Autoimmune cholangiopathy associated with Sjogren's, scleroderma, and thyroid disease
Primary biliary cirrhosis (vs IBD for sclerosing cholangitis)
27
Autoimmune cholangiopathy 95% AMA positive
Primary biliary cirrhosis (vs ANCA for sclerosing cholangitis)
28
Autoimmune cholangiopathy that has microndoular cirrhosis with hepatomegaly
Primary biliary cirrhosis
29
Autoimmune cholangiopathy with increased risk for cholangiocarcinoma
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
30
Triad of choledochal cyst
Pain, jaundice, abdominal mass
31
Choldechal cyst with cystic dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts
Caroli disease
32
Most common cause of impaired blood inflow and small portal vein obstruction
Schistosomiasis
33
Most common cause of impaired intrahepatic blood flow
Cirrhosis
34
Characterized by obstruction of 2 or more hepatic veins via thrombosis, with liver enlargement pain and ascites, and hemorrhagic centrilobular necrosis
Budd-Chiari syndrome
35
Pattern caused by centrilobular ischemic coagulative necrosis in left sided HF
Nutmeg liver (from hypoperfusion)
36
Most common benign liver tumor
Cavernous hemagioma
37
Most common liver tumor of early childhood
Hepatoblastoma
38
Most common tumor of the liver
Mets
39
Most common primary malignant liver tumor
HCC
40
Second most common primary malignant liver tumor
Cholangiocarcinoma
41
Angiography pattern of liver nodules
Hypervascular (and with normal to increased uptake on liver scan)
42
Angiography pattern of hepatocellular adenoma
Hypovascular (and with no uptake on liver scan)
43
Liver mass associated with increased risk of malignant transformation from OCP use
Hepatocellular adenoma
44
Tumor marker for HCC
AFP
45
Parasitic causes of cholangiocarcinoma
The liver flukes Opistorchis and Clonorchis
46
Most common location of cholangiocarcinoma
Perihilar (Klatskin tumor)
47
Most common congenital anomaly of the gallbladder
Folded fundus or phrygian cap
48
Condition where large GB stone erodes into adjacent small bowel
Gallstone ileus or Bouveret syndrome
49
Radiolucent GB stone
Black pigment stone
50
Mucosal outpouchings seen in chronic cholecystitis
Rochitansky-Aschoff sinuses
51
Form of chronic cholecystitis associated with increased risk for CA
Porcelain GB
52
Most common malignancy of the extrahepatic HBT
GB adenocarcinoma
53
Most common congenital anomaly of the pancreas
Pancreatic divisum (wherein bulk of parenchyma drained by small duct, predisposing to chronic pancreatitis)
54
Congenital anomaly of the pancreas that can cause duodenal obstruction
Annular pancreas
55
Most common sites for ectopic pancreas
Stomach, duodenum, jejunum, Meckel's, ileum
56
Germline mutation causes pancreatic agenesis
PDX1 mutation
57
Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis
Alcohol abuse
58
Most frequently oncogene in pancreatic CA
KRAS (as in pancKReAS) [while smoking is the most important environmental risk factor]
59
Tumor marker for pancreatic CA
CA 19-9 (because a 9 on its side looks like the pancKReAS)

Pathology (13 decks)

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