Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
what is the largest organ and gland in the body
A
the liver
2
Q
what does the liver produce and secrete
A
bile
3
Q
what does bile help to do
A
break down fat
4
Q
the liver produces what two bile pigments
A
biliruben and biliverdin
5
Q
what it a breakdown of hemoglobin
A
bilrubin and bilverdin
6
Q
how does the liver detoxify
A
it filters the blood to remove bacteria and foreign particles
7
Q
how does the liver store carbohydrates
A
as glycogen
8
Q
what is a breakdown of glycogen
A
glucose
9
Q
what is gylcogen in solid form
A
glucosw
10
Q
what produces and stores lipids
A
the liver, stores them as triglycerides
11
Q
blood coagulants are also created in where
A
the liver
12
Q
anticoagulants do what
A
destroy blood clots
13
Q
the liver is divided into what kind of lobes
A
- 2 topographical
- 2 accessory
14
Q
what are the four lobes of the liver
A
- caudate
- quadrate
- left
- right
15
Q
which lobes are not true lobes and are only secondarily related to the liver
A
- caudate
- quadrate
16
Q
what are the segments of the right lobe of the liver
A
anterior and posterior
17
Q
what are the segments of the left lobe
A
medial and lateral
18
Q
what is the medial superior segment of the liver
A
caudate
19
Q
what is the medial inferior segment of the liver
A
quadrate
20
Q
what can be considered a third liver
A
caudate lobe
21
Q
why is the caudate lobe considered the 3rd liver
A
because it is independently vascularized
22
Q
what joins to form the common hepatic duct
A
right and left hepatic ducts
23
Q
what does the cystic duct unite with to form the bile duct
A
the common hepatic duct
24
Q
bile accumulates where during meals
A
in the gallbladder
25
what are the three surfaces of the liver
- diaphragmatic surface
- visceral surface
- inferior border
26
what separates the subphrenic recess into right and left parts
the falciform liagment
27
what is the space that is directly under the liver called
subhepatic space
28
what is between the right of the visceral surface of the liver and the right kidney
hepatorenal recess
29
what is the lowest gravity dependent part of the peritoneal cavity in the supine position
the hepatorenal recess
30
fluid and cells accumulate where due to it being the lowest gravitational area
hepatorenal recess
31
the subphrenic recess is a common site for what?
collection of pus
32
why are subphrenic abscess more common on the right side?
because there is a frequency of the appendix rupturing, and duodenal ucers
33
how is a subphrenic abscess usually drained?
by an incision inferior to or through the bed of the 12th rib
34
where is the bare area on the liver
on the posterior portion
35
where is the liver not covered with peritoneum
- fossa of gallbladder
| - porta hepatis
36
what fissure of the liver is located between the caudate lobe and teh lateral portion of the left lobe
ligamentum venosum
37
what fissure is located between the left lateral lobe and the quadrate lobe
the round ligament
38
what is located between e quadrate lobe and the major part of the right lobe
fossa of the gall bladder
39
what fissure is located between the caudate lobe and the major part of the right lobe
right sagital fissure
40
what is the transverse fissure on the visceral surface of the liver between quadrate and caudate lobes
porta hepatis
41
what did the round ligament of the liver used to be
the umbilical vein
42
which ligaments inclose the bare area
the right and left triangular ligaments
43
what is the anterior layer of the coronary ligament
falciform ligament
44
wat used to be very important for nutrition in vitro
round ligamnet
45
what two ligamenta make up the lesser omentum
-hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments
46
the gastric and pyloric areas on the liver are where
right side of the anterior aspect of the stomach
47
what is the hepatic artery a branch of
the celiac trunk
48
what is it called when the liver cells are progressively destroyed and replaced by fatty and fibrous tissue
liver cirrhosis
49
what is liver cirrhosis caused by
- alcoholism
- hepatitis B, C, and D
- ingesting of posions
50
what can destroy the liver
acetaminophen can destroy liver
51
what increases blood pressure in the portal vein
liver cirrhosis
52
how is a liver biopsy performed
needle puncture of the skin which goes through the right 8th or 9th intercostal space in the right midaxillary line. Use an ultrasound
53
who tend to have angionas more
women, due to birth control and hormone pills
54
where is bile produced continuously
by the liver
55
where does the gallbladder release bile
when fat enters the duodenum
56
what secretes bile into the bile canaliculi
hepatocytes
57
what forms from the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct
common bile duct
58
what is the length of the bile duct
5-15 cm
59
what are the arteries that supply bile duct
- cystic artery
- right hepatic artery
- posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
- gastrorudenal arter
60
cystc lymph nodes that are on the bile duct are a good way to spread what
cancer
61
What are the three areas of lymph that supply the bile duct
- cystic lymph nodes ( near the neck of the gallbladder)
- node of omental foramen
- hepatic lymph nodes
62
where is the gallbladder located
right 9th costal cartilage and the lateral border of the rectus abdominis
63
how much bile can the gallbladder hold
30-50 ml of bile
64
what two things is the gallbladder in contact wth
the duodenum and the transverse colon
65
where is the fundus of the gallbladder
at the tip of the right ninth costal cartilage. contacts the transverse colon
66
what part of the gallbladder rest on the upper part of the duodenum and the transverse colon
the body
67
what gives rise t the cystic duct with spiral valves (Heister's valves)
the neck of the gallbladder
68
the cystic duct serves as what to the gall bladder with its spiral shape
cystic duct of the gallbladder
69
what hormone is produced by the duodenal mucosa that is responsible for making the gallbladder contract?
cholecystokinin
70
where does gallbladder get arterial supply from
the cystic artery
71
what is the cystic duct a branch of
the right hepatic artery
72
what is the abnormal pouch also called Hartmann's pouch?
the ampulla of the gallbladder
73
where is it common to find gall stones
Hartmanns pouch (ampulla of the gallbladder)
74
gallstones usually collect where
in the infundibulm
75
gallbladders that have a short mesententery are subject to what
vascular torsion and infarction ( lack of blood supply from veins and arteries)
76
what makes surgery of the gallbladder hard
the fact that there can be many hepatic ducts
77
3 main types of gallstones
- cholesterol stone
- pigment stone
- brown stones
78
which gall stones are usually seen in obese peopel and are found alot in western countries
yellow, cholesterol stones
79
what gallstones are black in color and are related to bilirubin calcium salts
pigment stones
80
which gall stones are brown and are due to bacteria or parasites
brown stones
81
how do cholecystenteric fistulas happen
when part of the gallbladder is inflammed and it adheres to viscera around it, then the adhesion ulcerates causing a fistula
82
what is gallstone ileus?
when a gallstone passes from gallbladder to the small intestine producing a bowel obstruction
83
the pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ except what part?
the tail
84
what are the functions of the pancreas?
- exocrine secretion (pancreatic juice)
| - endocrine secreation(produces insulin, glucagon, somatostatin)
85
3 hormones that the pancreas secreates
insulin
glucogen
somatostatin
86
what are the two ducts of the pancreas
- Duct of wirsung
| - Duct of Santorini
87
arterial supply for pancreas starts where
celiac trunk
88
what accounts for most cases of extra-hepatic obstruction of the billiary ducts
cancer that involves the pancreatic head
89
when can obstructive jaundice happen
when there is cancer in the head of the pancreas and it obstructs the bile duct causing there to be a retention of bile pigments and it enlarges the gall bladder
