Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cumulative > Liver Tests > Flashcards

Liver Tests Flashcards

1
Q

Describe protein degradation in the liver

A
  • Transamination: Transfer of amino groups to form new amino acids. Alanine transaminase (ALT) or aspartate transaminase (AST)
  • Deamination: AA’s converted to carbohydrate by removal of ammonia which is converted to urea and excreted by the kidneys.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe protein synthesis in the liver

A
  • Synthesizes 90% of plasma proteins and 15% of total proteins
  • albumin, immune function, c-reactive protein, ceruplasm, alpha 1 antitriypsin, ferritin, transferrin, prothrombin, lipoproteins (LDL, HDL, VLDL)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe carb/glucose control in the liver

A

glucose stored as glycogen in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe lipid metabolism in the liver

A

liver produces lipoproteins and synthesizes cholesterol & phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe bile production in the liver

A

Produced and secreted by hepatocytes into biliary tree, drains into the gallbladder, secreted into small intestine to digest fats.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the function of the liver as it relates to clotting

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List 4 routine liver tests

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 main patterns of liver injury and how are they measured

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the markers of liver injury (AST and ALT)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 liver test markers for cholestasis

A
  • alk phos
  • GGT
  • bilirubin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the alk phos test (marker for cholestasis)

A

can be elevated in bone growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe GGT tests (marker for cholestasis)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe bilirubin tests (marker for cholestasis)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What two tests measure synthetic function (your actual liver function)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the presentation and liver test findings for chronic liver disease

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the presentation & liver test findings for acute hepatitis

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the presentation and liver test findings for fulminant hepatitis

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List some common causes of elevated liver tests

A
  • Viral (Hep A-E, EBV, CMV, HSV)
  • Metabolic (NAFLD, alc)
  • Drugs (meds/supplements)
  • Autoimmune
  • Genetic (Wilson’s, hemochromatosis, A1A trypsin deficiency)
  • Ischemic injury/shock
  • Gallstone/Liver/Biliary lesion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List some hepatocellular injuries

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List some cholestatic patterns of injury

21
Q

List some cases in which AST would be greater than ALT

22
Q

List some cases in which ALT will be greater than AST

23
Q

What are some non-hepatic causes of ALT/AST elevations

24
Q

What are some common causes of acute hepatocellular injury

A
  • viral (Hep A-C, CMV, mono, HSV)
  • alc overuse
  • meds/supplements
  • toxins
  • autoimmune hepatitis
  • wilson’s disease
25
What are some chronic causes of hepatocellular injury
- NAFLD - hemochromatosis - alpha-1-anti-trypsin deficiency - Hep B & C - autoimmune hepatitis - Wilson's disease
26
What is acute on chronic liver disease
looks like acute hepatitis but there is underlying chronic disease (alcohol, HBV/HCV, wilson's, drugs)
27
List some cholestatic patterns of injury
- primary biliary cholangitis - primary sclerosing cholangitis - bile duct obstruction & strictures - meds/supplements - infiltrative diseases (sarcoidosis, TB) - alcohol - viral hepatitis - cirrhosis
28
What are some non-hepatic causes of elevated alk phos
- bone disease - hyperthyroidism - pregnancy - growth - ESRD - CHF - blood types O & B - DM - gastric/intestinal ulcer
29
Describe conjugated vs unconjugated bilirubin
Conjugated = direct, from the liver Unconjugated = bound to albumin, not directly from the liver
30
List a few causes of unconjugated and conjucated bilirubin elevation
Unconjugated: hemolysis, reduced uptake from meds, hyperthyroidism, cirrhosis, inherited disorders Conjugated: inherited disorders, choledocholithiasis, intrinsic/extrinsic tumors, structures, chronic hepatitis, drugs
31
List some PE/ROS findings in liver disease
32
How to treat borderline ALT/AST elevations (<2x normal) to mild elevations (2-5x normal)
- d/c any hepatotoxic meds - d/c alcohol - assess risk for NAFLD and viral hepatitis - labs (CBC, liver panel, BMP, PT/INR, Hep Ab testing) & ultrasound - eval for autoimmune or refer to liver clinic for biopsy - for mild elevations do not wait longer than 3 mos
33
How to treat moderate ALT/AST elevations (5-15x normal) to severe elevations (>15x normal)
- d/c alc and hepatotoxic meds - eval for acute causes of liver failure: CBC, BMP, liver panel, PT/INR, Hep Abs - ultrasound - rever to ED or consult to admit (consider biopsy) - severe: add on US with doppler, treat urgently
34
How to treat massive elevation of ALT/AST (ALT > 10,000)
- d/c alc and hepatotoxic meds - assess for toxic ingestions, ischemia, rhabdomyolysis - eval for acute liver failure - US with doppler - treat emergently or with urgent consult (biopsy)
35
What should be done if there is an elevated alk phos and transaminases +/- bilirubin
US abdomen to check for ductal abnormalities or blockages (can do MRCP or EUS/ERCP)
36
Describe the etiology of drug induced liver injury
37
Describe the presentation & diagnosis of drug induced liver injury
38
Describe the treatment for drug induced liver injury
39
Describe the etiology and presentation of alcohol associated liver disease
40
Describe the diagnosis and treatment of alcohol associated liver disease
41
Describe the etiology & presentation of metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease
42
Describe the diagnosis & treatment of MASLD
43
Describe the etiology & presentation of autoimmune hepatitis
44
Describe the diagnosis & treatment of autoimmune hepatitis
45
Describe the etiology & presentation of hereditary hemochromatosis
46
Describe the diagnosis & treatment of hereditary hemochromatosis
47
Describe the etiology & presentation of Wilson's disease
48
Describe the diagnosis & treatment of Wilson's disease

Cumulative (188 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions