Flashcards in LMP301 Lecture 16: Viral Hepatitis Deck (111)
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Causes of hepatitis
1. drugs
2. toxins
3. bacteria
4. viruses
5. parasites
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define: hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
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drugs that may cause hepatitis
- anticonvulsants
- corticosteroids
- alcohol
- tylenol/asprin overdose
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toxins that may cause hepatitis
- DDT
- mushrooms
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bacteria that may cause hepatitis
- thyphoid fever
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viruses that may cause hepatitis
- hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, G
- CMV
- EBV
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parasites that may cause hepatitis
tapeworm
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clinical symptoms of viral hepatitis
- enlarged liver
- elevated liver enzymes
- change colour of urine/feces
- accumulation of biliburin (jaundice)
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on a virus particle, what can be used to identify the strain?
- ssDNA or RNA
- surface proteins (HBsAg)
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define: antigen (Ag)
a substance (protein) that prompts the generation of antibodies -> immune response
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define: antibody (Ab/IgG/IgM)
proteins produced by B-cells which play an immunological role; identify & neutralizes foreign particles through antigens
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Which antibody is first released when there is an immune response? Which is released after?
IgM, then IgG
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IgM indicates...
primary immune response
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__ are produced during the primary immune response
memory lymphocytes
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The virus particle is surrounded by...
capsule coat
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The genetic material of virus is in the form of...
DNA or RNA (single or double stranded)
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what is directly inside the capsule coat?
Viral nucleocapsid (HBcAg)
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HBcAg
Viral nucleocapsid
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HBeAg
particles associated with nucleocapsid
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Where are HBeAg found?
inside the viral capsid (HBcAg)
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When does the production change from IgM to IgG?
after mature B cells are formed
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What is it called when IgG production begins and IgM production stops?
class-switching
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class-switching is....
a stable change in the B-cell's genome, and is transmitted to all progeny cells
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Lifecycle of a virus
1. enters hepatocyte (capsule coat removed), viral DNA moves to nucleus of host
2. viral dsDNA -> cccDNA -> template for viral mRNA
3. viral mRNA transcription & assembly of new viral particles
4. viral proteins assemble around DNA core
5. new viral particles released from outer membrane of the host
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dsDNA -[?]-> cccDNA
cellular enzymes
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___ can persist in the hepatocyte during chronic infection
cccDNA
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cccDNA is genetic material of...
virus
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Steps of viral reproduction
1. Uncoating
2. Repair (formation of cccDNA)
3. Transcription
4. Translation
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How does release of viral particles determine host cell health?
If a little bit of the particle is released at a time, host lives
if all released, host dies
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