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YR1 EXOTICS > LO1 - Small Mammals > Flashcards

LO1 - Small Mammals Flashcards

1
Q

What are Myomorphs?

A

Includes rats, hamsters and gerbils

They have 16 teeth with no premolars and rooted molars

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2
Q

What are Caviomorpha?

A
  • Includes Guinea Pigs and Chinchillas
  • Herbivores which eat highly abrasive materials
  • 20 teeth with open rooted molars
  • Have precocious young, born fully furred, capable of living independently
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3
Q

What are Sciuromorpha?

A

Includes chipmunks, squirrels and prairie dogs

20-22 teeth with rooted molars

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4
Q

What is Coprophagy?

A

When an animal re-ingests its own excreted faeces

Observed in rats, mouse, hamsters, Guinea pigs and chinchillas

Unnecessary with feeding modern diets but innate behaviour stimulated by anal reflex

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5
Q

Rats - Normal Parameters

A

Life Span - 2.5 to 3.5 years
Weight - 400 to 800g
Heart Rate - 260 to 450bpm
Respiratory Rate - 70 to 150bpm
Temperature - 38*

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6
Q

Rats - Factors affecting their Temperature?

A
  • they have poor heat tolerance as they have few sweat glands, and are unable to pant
  • tail and ears are important for heat dispersion
  • death at temperature above 37*
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7
Q

Rats - Dentition Facts

A
  • incisors are for fighting, holding food, gnawing and excavating burrows
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8
Q

Rats - Skeletal System

A
  • 7 Cervical, 13 Thoracic, 6 Lumbar, 4 Sacral, 27 to 31 Coccygeal Vertebrae
  • long tail is sensitive to pain, and important for balance and thermoregulation
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9
Q

Rats - Male Reproductive System

A
  • testicles from 3 to 4 weeks of age
  • no nipples
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10
Q

Rats - Female Reproductive System

A
  • anogenital distance shorter than in males
  • have 6 mammary glands
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11
Q

Rats - Respiratory System

A

Involved with respiration, humidifying, filtering incoming air, and olfaction

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12
Q

Rats - Digestive System

A
  • omnivores
  • GI transit time 12 to 24 hours
  • diastema, helps close off back of mouth to allow gnawing on hard substances
  • ridge between oesophagus and the cardiac region of the stomach which makes regurgitation of food material almost impossible
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13
Q

Rats - Injection Sites

A

Lateral tail vein

Lateral saphenous vein

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14
Q

Hamsters - Normal Parameters

A

Life Span - 2 to 3 years
Weight - 80 to 120g
Heart Rate - 280 to 412bpm
Respiratory Rate - 70 to 80bpm
Temperature - 36.2* to 37.5*

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15
Q

Hamsters - Digestive System

A
  • omnivores
  • cheek pouch
  • vomiting impossible sue to ridge between oesophagus and the cardiac region of the stomach
  • stomach has 2 compartments the non-glandular and glandular, distinguished by muscle sphincter
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16
Q

Hamsters - Male Reproductive System

A
  • distance between opening of anus and opening of genital tract is longer in male than female
  • no nipples in males
  • males have external testes, retained in scrotum
17
Q

Chinchillas - Normal Parameters

A

Life Span - 10 to 12 years
Weight - 400 to 600g
Heart Rate - 100 to 150bpm
Respiratory Rate - 40 to 80bpm
Temperature - 38 to 39*

18
Q

Chinchillas - Skeletal System

A
  • sensitive whiskers
  • delicate ears
  • dark prominent eyes
  • can see in poor light
19
Q

Chinchillas - Digestive System

A
  • monogastric herbivores
  • small narrow oral cavity
  • tongue is continuous with soft palate and the entrance to the pharynx via a small hole, the palatel optimum
  • diastema
  • prone to dental problems
20
Q

Chinchillas - Extra Waste Factors

A
  • eat faecal pellets at night and then caecotrophs between 8am and 2pm
  • can die from constipation
  • D+ is caused by over indulgence
21
Q

Chinchillas - Male Reproductive System

A
  • no true scrotum
  • 3 pairs of mammary glands
  • penis supported by small bone known as baculum
22
Q

Chinchillas - Female Reproductive System

A
  • anogenital distance is shorter
  • seasonal polyoestrous and spontaneous ovulators
  • uterus has 2 horns, each of which terminate into cervix
  • 2 cervix leading into single vagina
  • 3 pairs of mammary glands
23
Q

Mice - Normal Parameters

A

Life Span - 2 to 3 years
Weight - 20 to 40g
Heart Rate - 500 to 600bpm
Respiratory Rate - 100 to 250bpm
Temperature - 37.5*

24
Q

Mice - Skeletal System

A
  • large dark eyes
  • poor sight
  • delicate ears
25
Q

Mice - Reproductive System

A
  • female has 7 pairs of teats
  • males have no teats
26
Q

Gerbils - Normal Parameters

A

Life Span - 3 to 4 years
Weight - 50 to 60g
Heart Rate - 250 to 500bpm
Respiratory Rate - 90 to 140bpm
Temperature - 37.4 to 39*

27
Q

Gerbils - Reproductive System

A
  • females have 4 pairs of teats
  • males have no teats
  • scent gland on abdomen is used to mark their territory

YR1 EXOTICS (9 decks)

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