LO3

Question 1

What is the buccal cavity?

Answer 1

Is it the mouth, food is chewed/ broken down. Also known as the oral cavity

Question 2

What is the salivary glands?

Answer 2

Produces saliva, helps moisten food and makes it easier to swallow

Question 3

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 3

Is a flap of cartilage behind the root of the tongue , which covers the opening of the windpipe when swallowing food

Question 4

What is the oesophagus?

Answer 4

A muscular tube that connects the throat with the stomach. Foods moves down through the oesophagus to the stomach.
-peristalsis , a squeezing action by the muscles , helps food moves down to the stomach.

Question 5

What is the stomach?

Answer 5

Is a sac (bag) with muscular walls that churn the food to break it up. It produces hydrochloric acid and enzymes to digest food.

Question 6

What is the small intestine?

Answer 6

-small intestine is in the duodenum.
-food is partially digested by the stomach and is called chyme, and is chemically altered by fluids from the liver and the by the bile from the pancreas.
-the duodenum is lined with the villi that increase the surface area and help absorption of nutrients into the blood stream.

Question 7

What is the large intestine?

Answer 7

Reabsorbs fluids and processes waste products in preparation for elimination from the body.

Question 8

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 8

Nutrients are broken down by enzymes to smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the blood and used by cells.
- stomach mixes food with enzymes and hydrochloric acid while churning it.

Question 9

What is pepsins function and what is the site of action

Answer 9

Pepsins Function- breaks down large protein molecules into smaller polypeptides.
Site of action- stomach

Question 10

What is amylase function and site of action

Answer 10

Amylase function- breaks down starch into maltose
Site of action- buccal cavity and duodenum

Question 11

What is protease function and site of action?

Answer 11

Protease function - breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids.
Site of action- duodenum

Question 12

What is the lipases function and site of action

Answer 12

Function- breaks down fat into glycerol
Site of action- duodenum

Question 13

What is mechanical digestion

Answer 13

Food is physically broken down to make it smaller. Whether that be :
-chewing action- in the buccal cavity
-stomach- churns the food to break it down
- small intestine- the bile emulsifies lipids into fats, which helps with the mechanical digestion of fats

Question 14

What is needed for emulsification

Answer 14

Bile

Question 15

Emulsification happens by…

Answer 15

The bile sack break fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 16

Why does emulsification need to happen?

Answer 16

So soluble fat molecules can be broken down into fatty acids so that they can be aborbed into the blood.

Question 17

What is the digestion role of pancreatic juice

Answer 17

• the pancreas produces digestive enzymes that are released into the small intestine in pancreatic juice
• released into the duodenum
• help the body digest fats.

Question 18

Digestive role of the bile

Answer 18

• bile is a digestive juice produced by the liver.
• helps the body absorb fat into the bloodstreams
• stored in the gallbladder until the body needs it to digest fat.
  -enters the small intestine through the bile duct.
• bile emulsifies fats and neutralises stomach acid.

Question 19

What is absorption

Answer 19

-Absorption refers to how the nutrients extracted from are absorbed into the blood stream in the small intestine.
-villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine wall to enable efficient absorption.

Question 20

Structure of the digestive system order

Answer 20

BIG - buccal cavity
ELEPHANTS- epiglottis
OFTEN- oesophagus
START- stomach
LOVING - liver
GOOD - gall bladder and duct
PARTIES- pancreas and duct
DANCING - duodenum
IN - ileum
LARGE - large intestine
ROOMS- rectum and anus

Question 21

What is the role of liver in assimilation?

Answer 21

• the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body
  -where they are then used, so that they become part of those cells.
  -excess glucose in the blood is converted into glycogen to be stored or broken down though respiration, producing energy.

Question 22

What is IBS

Answer 22

Muscles in the intestine wall especially the colon after their normal rhythm - contract too quick or too slow, which results in constipation or diarrhoea.

Question 23

IBS symptoms and effects

Answer 23

Stomach cramps, diarrhoea, constipation.

Question 24

Causes of IBS

Answer 24

can be triggered by diet, alcohol , stress

Question 25

IBS treatment

Answer 25

Antibiotics, avoid triggers.

Question 26

IBS care needs

Answer 26

Dietician to change diet, emotional support to deal with symptoms

Question 27

IBS lifestyle impacts

Answer 27

-time off work due to symptoms/ regular hospital visits. -specific/ restricted diet which can cause social or emotional effects. -pain/ embarrassment of symptoms.

Question 28

What is coeliac disease

Answer 28

Mine system destroys the villi and microvilli of the ileum: results in reduced surface area so reduce absorption of nutrients

Question 29

Symptoms and affects of coeliac disease?

Answer 29

Diarrhoea, constipation, bloating/ flatulence.

Question 30

Lifestyle impacts of coeliac disease

Answer 30

Same as IBS

Question 31

What is gallstones

Answer 31

-Imbalance crystals form in the gall bladder -turn into stones -These can block the bile duct stopping bile flowing from the ball bladder to the duodenumz. -This puts pressure on damages liver cells

Question 32

Symptoms and effects of gallstones

Answer 32

Abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of skin) , diarrhoea.

Question 33

Treatment of coliac disease

Answer 33

Steroids to reduce inflammation and suppress immune response, gluten free diet.

Question 34

Causes of gall stones

Answer 34

Imbalance of minerals and salts in the bile, risk factors could include females, overweight and IBS.

Question 35

Causes of coeliac disease

Answer 35

Autoimmune response to the gluten protein in wheat.

Question 36

Treatment of gallstones

Answer 36

Removal of gallbladder, medication

Question 37

Impact on lifestyle of gallstones

Answer 37

-Chronic pain cause effect work/ sleep/ emotional -surgery- recovery time affect work -restricted movement and breathing due to to pain.