LO9

Question 1

light travels from the sun to earth in _________

Answer 1

waves

Question 2

sunlight consists of energy waves called _________

Answer 2

photons

Question 3

photons with shorter wavelengths have ______ energy

Answer 3

more

Question 4

photosynthesis required photons in the _____ range

Answer 4

visible

Question 5

when molecules absorb photons a __________ become energized

Answer 5

valence electron

Question 6

definition: molecules that get excited by light

Answer 6

pigments

Question 7

_______________ pigments are embedded in the ___________- of chloroplasts in plants and algae

Answer 7

photosynthetic; thylakoid membranes

Question 8

pigments that absorb blue and red light

Answer 8

chlorophylls a and b

Question 9

chlorophylls a and b reflect ____ light

Answer 9

green

Question 10

absorb blue light and reflect red and orange

Answer 10

carotenoids

Question 11

chlorophyll molecules have a 2-part structure

Answer 11

1. porphyrin ring
2. hydrocarbon tail

Question 12

the porphyrin ring in the chlorophyll molecule does what?

Answer 12

absorb light

Question 13

the hydrocarbon tail in the chlorophyll molecule does what?

Answer 13

anchors the molecule in the thylakoid membrane

Question 14

photosynthesis is ____ and ______

Answer 14

anabolic; endergonic

Question 15

summary equation of photosynthesis

Answer 15

6 CO2 + 6 H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 16

in photosynthesis ____ energy is converted to _____ energy

Answer 16

light(kinetic); chemical(potential)

Question 17

hydrogen atoms are _______ to form organic molecules

Answer 17

reduced

Question 18

oxygen atoms from water are_______

Answer 18

oxidized

Question 19

photosynthesis occurs in ___ phases

Answer 19

two

Question 20

Phase 1 of Photosynthesis

Answer 20

• light dependent reactions require thylakoid membranes
• use light energy to generate ATP and NADPH
• produces oxygen

Question 21

Phase 2 of Photosynthesis

Answer 21

• carbon fixation reactions
• use ATP and NADPH to form organic molecules

Question 22

definition: process that takes the carbon in inorganic CO2 and incorporates it into organic molecules

Answer 22

carbon fixation

Question 23

carbon fixation reactions occur in the _____

Answer 23

stroma

Question 24

definition: collection of 1000s of pigment molecules + enzymes and other proeins

Answer 24

photosystem

Question 25

pigments are in ________

Answer 25

photosystems

Question 26

photosystems have a _________ that include two chlorophyll a molecules

Answer 26

reaction center

Question 27

definition: only pigment that transfers electrons to electron carrier molecules when excited by light

Answer 27

chlorophyll a

Question 28

chlorophyll a is the _____ photosynthetic pigement

Answer 28

primary

Question 29

Chlorophyll b is the ______ photosynthetic pigment

Answer 29

secondary

Question 30

Chlorophyll b, carotenoids and other secondary photosynthetic pigments do what?

Answer 30

pass energy to chlorphyll a

Question 31

photosystem I (P____)

Answer 31

700

Question 32

photosystem II (P____)

Answer 32

680

Question 33

Photosystem I has a reaction center that gets most excited by

Answer 33

700 nm wavelength photons

Question 34

Photosystem II has a reaction center that gets most excited by

Answer 34

680 nm wavelength photons

Question 35

Begins when pigment molecules absorb photons

Answer 35

LDR

Question 36

What happens when a pigment molecule absorbs a photon

Answer 36

energy is passed from one molecule to another until it reaches a photosystem reaction center

Question 37

Photosystem I (700) and Photosystem II (680) have their own ____ that occur simultaneously

Answer 37

ETC

Question 38

electrons from chlorophyll a become energized and are _______

Answer 38

transferred to a primary electron acceptor

Question 39

electrons flow from the P700 reaction center through a series of electron carrier molecules to _______

Answer 39

ferredoxin

Question 40

electrons flow from the P680 reaction center through a series of electron carrier molecules to _______

Answer 40

P700

Question 41

Definition: an iron containing protein

Answer 41

ferredoxin

Question 42

ferredoxin reduces_________

Answer 42

NADP+ --> NADPH

Question 43

ferredoxin reduces NADP+ --> NADPH into the _____

Answer 43

stroma

Question 44

definition: the final electron acceptor of photosynthesis

Answer 44

NADPH

Question 45

electrons from _____ reaction center replace electrons lost from the ______ reaction center

Answer 45

P680; P700

Question 46

photolysis of H2O yields ___ e- to replace those lost by the ______ reaction center

Answer 46

2; P680

Question 47

a portion of the cytochrome complex functions as a ________

Answer 47

proton pump

Question 48

synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis and phosphorylation

Answer 48

1. stroma --> thylakoid lumen 2. thylakoid lumen --> to stroma through proton channel in ATP synthase

Question 49

Calvin cycle converts ___ into _____ molecules

Answer 49

CO2; organic

Question 50

calvin cycle requires ___ and ____ from the light dependent reaction

Answer 50

ATP;NADPH

Question 51

Step 1: calvin cycle

Answer 51

- CO uptake phase fixes carbon - CO2 reacts with 5-C RuBP to from 2 3-C PGA -catalyzed by rubisco - carbon fixation has occured

Question 52

Calvin cycle step 2: carbon ____ phase

Answer 52

reduction

Question 53

during carbon reduction energy from ATP and NADPH is used to convert ____ to ____

Answer 53

PGA to G3P

Question 54

_____ final product of calvin cycle

Answer 54

G3P

Question 55

in calvin cycle 2 what is needed and what is formed?

Answer 55

- one glucose formed from 2 G3P - 6 CO2 needed for net yield of 2 G3P

Question 56

G3P can then be used by a _______

Answer 56

photoautotroph

Question 57

G3P is used by a photoautotroph to make

Answer 57

- glucose or other simple sugars - sucrose - complex carbs - amino acids and/or lipids

Question 58

things made by photoautotroph can be broken down during cellular respiration to...?

Answer 58

make ATP or use as building blocks

Question 59

calvin cycle step 3 known as

Answer 59

RuBP Regeneration Phase

Question 60

in step 3 for every ____ CO2 molecule that enter ___ G3P are produced

Answer 60

6; 12

Question 61

RuBP regeneration requires a ________ from ATP

Answer 61

phosphate group