Localisation Of Function In The Brain (Biopsychology)

Question 1

What is localisation of function

Answer 1

The theory that different areas of the brain are responsible for different functions

Question 2

What is the cerebral cortex

Answer 2

The outer part of the brain - contains 4 lobes

Question 3

What are the 4 lobes

Answer 3

Frontal lobe, Parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe

Question 4

Draw and label the 4 lobes of the brain

Answer 4

. ______________________
( PARIETAL LOBE )
( (P) )
(__________________________ )
_______________ _________________
( FRONTAL ) ( OCCIPITAL )
( LOBE ) ( LOBE )
(___________) (_____________ )
_______________________
( TEMPORAL LOBE )
( __________________ )

Question 5

What is the frontal lobe and what area is found here

Answer 5

Responsible for Movement, personality and higher level thinking

Motor area - responsible for controlling movement

Question 6

What is the parietal lobe and what area is found here

Answer 6

Responsible for processing information from our senses

Somatosensory area - primary sensory area

Question 7

What is the occipital lobe and what area is found here

Answer 7

Responsible for receiving and processing visual information

Visual area

Question 8

What is the temporal lobe and what area is found here

Answer 8

Responsible for analysis of speech related information

Temporal area

Question 9

Where is brocas area

Answer 9

Frontal lobe
______________________
( PARIETAL LOBE )
( (P) )
(__________________________ )
_______________ _________________
( FRONTAL ) ( OCCIPITAL )
( LOBE ** ) ( LOBE )
(___________) (_____________ )
_______________________
( TEMPORAL LOBE )
( __________________ )

Question 10

What is brocas area and what happens if there is damage here

Answer 10

Responsible for speech production

Brocas aphasia - impaired ability to produce speech

Tan - patient could only say Tan

Question 11

Where is wernickes area

Answer 11

Left temporal lobe
______________________
( PARIETAL LOBE )
( (P) )
(__________________________ )
_______________ _________________
( FRONTAL ) ( OCCIPITAL )
( LOBE ) ( LOBE )
(___________) (_____________ )
_________________________
( TEMPORAL LOBE ** )
( ______________________ )

Question 12

What is Wernickes area and what happens if there is damage here

Answer 12

Responsible for understanding language

Wernickes aphasia - production of nonsense words

Question 13

Strengths of Localisation

Answer 13

Evidence for neurosurgery – damage to areas of brain linked to mental disorders - Neurgoesury last resort for treating some MD - Dougherty reported on 44 people with OCD had undergone Cingulotomy - 30% successful – areas associated with MD may be localised

Evidence from brain scans - Peterson used brain scans to show:
-Wernickes area active during listening task —- Broca area active during reading task
Confirms that localised areas for everyday behaviour - objective methods
|
-> counterpoint - Lashely - removed areas of cortex in rats who were learning routes of maze - no area proven to be more important than the other when learning maze – every part of cortex rather than particular area

Question 14

Another limitation

Answer 14

Language localisation questions - Dick + tremble found only 2% of modern researchers think that language is controlled by Broca + Wernicke areas - advanced language function e,g FMRI mean brain can be studied with more clarity - found language is distributed more holistically than thought
—> language is organised more holistically - contradicts theory