Lopez- Cerebellar pathway summaries

Question 1

function of _____ pathway includes coordination/planning of voluntary movements

Answer 1

Cerebrocerebellum (lateral cerebellar hemisphere)

Question 2

function of _____ pathway includes motor learning

Answer 2

Corticopontocerebellar Tract

Question 3

function of____ pathway includes balance and posture and eye movements

Answer 3

Vestibulocerebellar pathway (Flocculonodular lobe)

Question 4

function of _____ pathway includes regulation of muscle tone

Answer 4

Spinocerebellum (vermis and intermediate hemisphere)

Question 5

function of _____ includes error correction in movements

Answer 5

inferior olivary nucleus and climbing fibers/purkinje cells

Question 6

where is the lesion?
truncal ataxia, wide-based gait, vertigo, nystagmus, impaired VOR

Answer 6

Vestibulocerebellum (Flocconodular Lobe)

Question 7

where is the lesion?
limb ataxia, intention tremor, dysmetria, scanning dysarthria

Answer 7

Cerebrocerebellum (lateral cerebellar hemisphere)

Question 8

where is the lesion?
severe limb ataxia, intention tremor, difficulty with rapid alternating movements

Answer 8

Dentate Nucleus

Question 9

where is the lesion?
gait ataxia, postural instability, hypotonia, dysarthria

Answer 9

Spinocerebellum (vermis and intermediate hemisphere)

Question 10

where is the lesion?
ipsilateral cerebellar deficits, limb ataxia, tremor, dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid alternating movements)

Answer 10

superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 11

where is the lesion?
ataxia, poor coordination of voluntary movements, hypotonia

Answer 11

middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 12

where is the lesion?
ataxia, vestibular dysfunction, imbalance, vertigo, nystagmus

Answer 12

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 13

where is the lesion?
hypertonia of extensor muscles, difficulty maintaining posture, increased fall risk

Answer 13

vestibulospinal tract (extensor control)

Question 14

where is the lesion?
decreased upper limb flexor tone, impaired fine motor movements, mild postural instability

Answer 14

Rubrospinal tract (flexor control)

Question 15

where is the lesion?
postural instability, difficulty initiating gait, abnormal locomotion

Answer 15

Reticulospinal tract (posture and locomotion)

Question 16

in a patient with a lesion in the _____, the ipsilateral arm manifests an intention tremor while nearing the target

Answer 16

lateral cerebellar hemisphere

Question 17

where is the lesion?
poor coordination of planned voluntary movements, impaired motor learning, limb ataxia

Answer 17

Corticopontocerebellar tract (cerebral input)

Question 18

contains stellate cells, basket cells, parallel fibers, purkinje cell dendrites

Answer 18

molecular layer of cerebellar cortex

Question 19

function: synaptic processing and inhibitory modulation

Answer 19

molecular layer of cerebellar cortex

Question 20

function: single layer of Purkinje cells

Answer 20

Purkinje cell layer of cerebellar cortex

Question 21

contains granule cells, golgi cells, unipolar brush cells, mossy fiber input

Answer 21

granular layer of cerebellar cortex

Question 22

receives excitatory input and sends signals via parallel fibers

Answer 22

granular layer of cerebellar cortex

Question 23

mossy fibers to granule cells to parallel fibers to purkinje cells is what pathway

Answer 23

indirect excitatory pathway

Question 24

climbing fibers to purkinje cells is what pathway

Answer 24

direct excitatory pathway (LEARNING)

Question 25

____ cells inhibit deep cerebellar nuclei, controlling motor output

Answer 25

Purkinje cells

Question 26

functional component of cerebellum that deals with midline movements (gait, speech, walking, balance)

Answer 26

Vermis (red)

Question 27

functional component of cerebellum that deals with reaching and grasping, hand to eye coordination

Answer 27

Paravermis (yellow)

Question 28

functional component of cerebellum that deals with fine movements

Answer 28

cerebellar hemispheres (green)

Question 29

part of cerebellum associated with coordinating balance and eye movements

Answer 29

Flocconodular lobe (blue)

Question 30

axons of the cerebellar nuclei form cerebellar peduncles (name the nuclei)

Answer 30

lateral to medial dentate, emboliform, globose, fastigial

Question 31

lateral to medial

Answer 31

dentate, emboliform, globose, fastigial

Question 32

Answer 32

intermediate zone (paramedian/paravermal) yellow

Question 33

Answer 33

median/vermal zone (red)

Question 34

Answer 34

lateral zone

Question 35

deals with the trunk

Answer 35

medial zone

Question 36

deals with proximal limbs

Answer 36

paramedial zone

Question 37

deals with face and distal limbs

Answer 37

lateral zone

Question 38

deals with eye and vestibular movements

Answer 38

flocconodular lobe

Question 39

Role in balance and eye movements [gaze stabilization]. Axial muscles for balance Extraocular muscles for eye movement

Answer 39

Vestibulocerebellum (Flocconodular lobe)

Question 40

Gross motor execution, coordination and postural stability. Trunk Muscles Proximal limb muscles

Answer 40

Spinocerebellum (vermis and paravermis)

Question 41

Focuses on complex motor planning, cognition, and mental rehearsal. Motor precision Distal limb muscles for fine motor control

Answer 41

Cerebrocerebellum (cerebellar hemispheres)

Question 42

degeneration of this lobe occurs in chronic alcoholism resulting in gait ataxia

Answer 42

anterior lobe (spinocerebellum)

Question 43

lesion here results in prominent limb ataxia

Answer 43

posterior lobe (cerebrocerebellum)

Question 44

a lesion here occurs due to medulloblastoma and results in nystagmus, eye movement abnormalities, vertigo, gait ataxia

Answer 44

Flocconodular lobe (vestibulocerebellum)

Question 45

deals with efferent signals to thalamus

Answer 45

superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 46

deals with sensory input from cerebellar cortex

Answer 46

middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 47

deals with sensory input from spinal cord

Answer 47

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 48

1

Answer 48

superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 49

2

Answer 49

middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 50

3

Answer 50

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 51

Answer 51

afferent pathways

Question 52

Answer 52

efferent pathways

Question 53

carries proprioceptive info from lower extremities "double crosser" goes through superior cerebellar peduncle and ends on ipsilateral vermal/paravermal cortex

Answer 53

ventral/anterior spinocerebellar pathway

Question 54

carries proprioceptive info from trunk and lower extremities stays ipsilateral goes through inferior cerebellar peduncle and ends on ipsilateral cerebellar cortex

Answer 54

dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar pathway

Question 55

carries proprioceptive info from upper limb and thorax stays ipsilateral goes through inferior cerebellar peduncle ends on ipsilateral cerebellar cortex

Answer 55

cuneocerebellar pathway

Question 56

relays motor commands of cerebral cortex enters through internal capsule and lands on pontine nucleus and then through middle cerebellar peduncle ends on contralateral cerebellar cortex

Answer 56

corticopontocerebellar pathway

Question 57

facilitates motor learning and error correction in movement (from cerebral cortex) goes through internal capsule and onto inferior olivary nucleus through inferior cerebellar peduncle and ends on contralateral cortex

Answer 57

cortico-olivocerebellar pathway

Question 58

comes from sensorimotor cortical regions of parietal lobe goes through internal capsule and middle/inferior cerebellar peduncles ends on ipsilateral cerebellar cortex

Answer 58

cerebroreticulocerebellar pathway

Question 59

deals with balance and eye movements goes from semicircular canals to CNVIII nuclei through inferior and superior cerebellar peduncle or synapse at CNVIII nuclei ends at ipsilateral flocconodular lobe

Answer 59

vestibulocerebellar pathway

Question 60

regulates extensor muscle tone and travels through inferior cerebellar peduncle forms vestibulospinal tract and signals to motor neurons of spinal cord to maintain posture

Answer 60

fastigial vestibular pathway (vestibulospinal)

Question 61

regulates extensor muscle tone and travels through inferior cerebellar peduncle contributes to medial longitudinal fasciculus transmits info to motor nuclei of CN III, IV, VI to modify and control eye movements

Answer 61

fastigial vestibular pathways

Question 62

modifies ipsilateral motor activity and travels through ipsilateral superior cerebellar peduncle (goes through VL of thalamus and crosses over to dentate nucleus) info relayed to corticospinal tract and modulates motor activity of descending pathways

Answer 62

dentatothalamic pathways

Question 63

modifies ipsilateral motor activity, travels through ipsilateral superior cerebellar peduncle to contralateral red nucleus influences rubrospinal tract (acts on proximal flexor muscles of upper limb)

Answer 63

globose-emboliform-rubrate pathway (rubrospinal)

Question 64

travels through inferior cerebellar peduncle modulatory info to medial and lateral reticulospinal tract (regulation of muscle tone and posture)

Answer 64

Fastigial reticular pathway (reticulospinal)

Question 65

Modulates spinal cord motor activity Controls rhythmic discharges that can manifest as oculopalatal tremor or palatal myoclonus

Answer 65

Guillain-Mollaret triangle (myoclonic triangle)/ (dentato-rubro-olivary pathway)

Question 66

know

Question 67

often results in degeneration of the midline portion of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum broad-based gait ataxia

Answer 67

chronic alcoholism

Question 68

Tumor occurs in cerebellar vermis and account for 25% of all childhood intracranial tumors. HA's, CN involvement, N/V due to non-communicating hydrocephalus

Answer 68

medulloblastoma

Question 69

Autosomal recessive condition with an age of onset from 8-16 years atrophy of spinocerebellar pathways (ataxia) Patients also have a peripheral neuropathy and posterior column degeneration, which results in a severe loss of vibration and proprioception and further contributes to gait instability and falls

Answer 69

Friedreich's Ataxia

Question 70

There is also some degree of corticospinal tract degeneration, and patients typically have bilateral extensor plantar responses or other upper motor neuron findings

Answer 70

Friedreich's Ataxia

Question 71

Diagnosis of Friedreich's Ataxia can be confirmed by testing for trinucleotide repeat ______ on chromosome #9

Answer 71

GAA