lower extremity anatomy

Question 1

How do you injure the ACL

Answer 1

changing direction too quickly

Question 2

What is the unhappy triad?

Answer 2

ACL, MCL and medial meniscus

Question 3

how do you injure the PCL

Answer 3

Dashboard injury

Question 4

McMurrary test - please explain

Answer 4

Tests for meniscus tears

popping on internal rotation: lateral meniscus tear

popping on external rotation: medial meniscus tear

Question 5

Illiohypogastric nerve roots

Answer 5

T12 - L1

Question 6

illiogypogastric nerve function

Answer 6

Motor - transversus abdominus and internal oblique

Sensory - suprapubic region

Question 7

illiogypogastric nerve injury and presentation

Answer 7

Abdominal surgery

Px: burning or tingling in incision site radiating to the inguinal and suprapubic region

Question 8

genitofemoral nerve roots

Answer 8

L1-L2

Question 9

genitofemoral nerve function

Answer 9

Cremasteric reflex - motor to cremaster

Sensory to internal thigh, scrotum/labia majora

Question 10

genitofermoral nerve injury cause and presentation

Answer 10

Laproscopic surgery

Loss of sensation on internal thigh and absent cremasteric reflex

Question 11

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve roots

Answer 11

L2 - L3

Question 12

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve function

Answer 12

Sensory - anterior and lateral thigh

Question 13

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve cause of injury and presentation

Answer 13

Tight clothing, obesity, pregnancy, pelvic procedures

-loss of sensation

Question 14

Femoral nerve roots

Answer 14

L2,3,4

Question 15

Femoral nerve function

Answer 15

Motor- quadriceps, iliacus, pectineious, sartorios

Sensory - anterior thigh, medial leg

Question 16

Femoral nerve cause of injury and presentation

Answer 16

Pelvic fracture

Inability to extend leg

Question 17

sciatic nerve roots

Answer 17

L4 - S3

Question 18

sciatic nerve function

Answer 18

Innervates hamstrings and adductor magnus, splits into common perineal and tibial nerves

Question 19

sciatic nerve injury and presentaion

Answer 19

herniated disc, posterior hip dislocation

Question 20

Common peroneal nerve roots

Answer 20

L4 - S2

Question 21

Common peroneal nerve function

Answer 21

Splits into:

superficial perineal - motor - peroneus longus and brevus
Sensory to dorsum of foot

Deep peroneal nerve: - motor -anterior tibialis
Sensory - first webspace

Question 22

Common peroneal nerve injury and presentation

Answer 22

Trauma to lateral leg, fibular neck fracture

Foot drop, loss of sensation to dorsum of foot

Question 23

Tibial nerve roots

Answer 23

L4- S3

Question 24

Tibial nerve function

Answer 24

Motor - biceps femoris long head
- plantaris, popliteus, flexors of foot

Sensory - sole of foot

Question 25

Tibial nerve injury and presentation

Answer 25

Knee trauma, baker cyst, tarsal tunnel syndrome Can't stand on tip toes, cannot curl toas, loss of sensation to some Foot everted at rest

Question 26

Superior gluteal nerve roots

Answer 26

L4 - S1

Question 27

Superior gluteal nerve function

Answer 27

Innervates gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae

Question 28

Cause of injury to superior gluteal nerve

Answer 28

Iatrogenic - needles must be placed in superomedial gluteal region

Question 29

Presentation of superior gluteal nerve injury

Answer 29

Trendelenburg Gait

Question 30

Inferior gluteal nerve roots

Answer 30

L5-S2

Question 31

Inferior gluteal nerve function

Answer 31

Motor - gluteus maximus

Question 32

Inferior gluteal nerve injury and presentation

Answer 32

posterior hip dislocation | Difficulty climbing stairs, rising from seating position, loss of hip extension

Question 33

Pudendal nerve roots

Answer 33

S2,3,4

Question 34

Pudendal nerve function

Answer 34

sensory - perineum | Motor - external urethral and anal sphinctors

Question 35

Pudendal nerve injury and presentation

Answer 35

stretch injury during childbirth | Decreased sensation in perineum and genital area, fecal or urinary incontinence

Question 36

Most common ankle sprain?

Answer 36

Anterior talofibular ligament (connects fibula and talus) and occurs from overinversion of the foot

Question 37

Sponylolishtesis meaning

Answer 37

Anterior displacment of vertebra

Question 38

Spinal stenosis pathophys

Answer 38

Narrowing of spinal canal with age due to shrinking of intervertebral discs Leads to facet joint arthritis and hypertrophy of ligamentem flavum

Question 39

How does spinal stenosis present?

Answer 39

Neurogenic claudication - pain persists with rest when standing flexed posture - improvement of symptoms