Lower Extremity (Origins, Insertions, Nerve supply and Arteries) Flashcards
(238 cards)
1
Q
What is the Origin of Tibialis Anterior?
A
Lateral condyle and superior 1/2 of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
2
Q
What is the insertion of Tibialis Anterior?
A
Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
3
Q
What is the nerve supply Tibialis Anterior?
A
Deep Fibular
4
Q
What is the artery supply of Tibialis Anterior?
A
Anterior Tibial
5
Q
What is the action of Tibialis Anterior?
A
Dorsiflexion and inversion
6
Q
What is the Origin of Extensor Digitorum Longus?
A
Lateral condyle of tibia and superior 3/4 of medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
7
Q
What is the insertion of Extensor Digitorum Longus?
A
Middle and distal phalanges of later 4 digits
8
Q
What is the nerve supply Extensor Digitorum Longus?
A
Deep Fibular
9
Q
What is the artery supply of Extensor Digitorum Longus?
A
Anterior Tibial
10
Q
What is the action of Extensor Digitorum Longus?
A
Extension of lateral 4 digits and dorsiflexion
11
Q
What is the Origin of Fibularis Teritius?
A
Inferior 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
12
Q
What is the insertion of Fibularis Teritius?
A
Dorsum of base of 5thmetatarsal
13
Q
What is the nerve supply Fibularis Teritius?
A
Deep Fibular
14
Q
What is the artery supply of Fibularis Teritius?
A
Anterior Tibial
15
Q
What is the action of Fibularis Teritius?
A
Dorsiflexion and aids in eversion
16
Q
What is the Origin of Extensor Hallucis Longus?
A
Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
17
Q
What is the insertion of Extensor Hallucis Longus?
A
Dorsal aspect of base o distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
18
Q
What is the nerve supply of Extensor Hallucis Longus?
A
Deep Fibular
19
Q
What is the artery supply of Extensor Hallucis Longus?
A
Anterior Tibial
20
Q
What is the action of Extensor Hallucis Longus?
A
Extension of great toe and dorsiflexion
21
Q
What is the Origin of Fibularis Longus?
A
Head and superior 2/3 lateral surface of fibula
22
Q
What is the insertion of Fibularis Longus?
A
Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
23
Q
What is the nerve supply of Fibularis Longus?
A
Superficial Fibular
24
Q
What is the artery supply of Fibularis Longus?
A
Perforating branches of fibular and anterior Tibial arteries
25
What is the action of Fibularis Longus?
Eversion and weak plantar flexion
26
What is the Origin of Fibularis Brevis?
Inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
27
What is the insertion of Fibularis Brevis?
Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal
28
What is the nerve supply of Fibularis Brevis?
Superficial Fibular
29
What is the artery supply of Fibularis Brevis?
Perforating branches of fibular and anterior Tibial arteries
30
What is the action of Fibularis Brevis?
Eversion and weak plantar flexion
31
What is the Origins of Gastrocnemius?
Lateral Head - lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
| Medial head - popliteal surface of femur; superior to medial condyle
32
What is the insertion of Gastrocnemius?
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
33
What is the nerve supply of Gastrocnemius?
Tibial
34
What is the artery supply of Gastrocnemius?
Popliteal
35
What is the action of Gastrocnemius?
Plantar flexion with extended knee
Raises heel during walking
Leg flexion
36
What is the Origins of Soleus?
Posterior aspect of head and superior 1/4 of posterior surface of fibula; soleal line, middle 1/3 of medial border of tibia
37
What is the insertion of Soleus?
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
38
What is the nerve supply of Soleus?
Tibial
39
What is the artery supply of Soleus?
Popliteal and posterior Tibial arteries
40
What is the action of Soleus?
Plantar flexion independent of position of knee
| Steadies leg on foot
41
What is the Origins of Plantaris?
Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur; oblique popliteal l.
42
What is the insertion of Plantaris?
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
43
What is the nerve supply of Plantaris?
Tibial
44
What is the artery supply of Plantaris?
Popliteal and posterior Tibial arteries
45
What is the action of Plantaris?
Weak plantarflexion
46
What is the Origins of Popliteus?
Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus
47
What is the insertion of Popliteus?
Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
48
What is the nerve supply of Popliteus?
Tibial
49
What is the artery supply of Popliteus?
Popliteal
50
What is the action of Popliteus?
Weak flexion of leg
Unlocks knee by rotating femur 5 degrees on fixed tibia
Medially rotates tibia of unplanted limb
51
What is the Origins of Flexor Hallucis Longus?
Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula
| Inferior part of Interosseous membrane
52
What is the insertion of Flexor Hallucis Longus?
Base of distal phalanx of great toe
53
What is the nerve supply of Flexor Hallucis Longus?
Tibial
54
What is the artery supply of Flexor Hallucis Longus?
Fibular
55
What is the action of Flexor Hallucis Longus?
Flexion of great toe at all joints
| Weak plantarflexion
56
What is the Origins of Flexor Digitorum Longus?
Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line
Broad tendon to fibula
57
What is the insertion of Flexor Digitorum Longus?
Base of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
58
What is the nerve supply of Flexor Digitorum Longus?
Tibial
59
What is the artery supply of Flexor Digitorum Longus?
Posterior Tibial
60
What is the action of Flexor Digitorum Longus?
Flexion of lateral 4 digits
| Plantarflexion
61
What is the Origins of Tibialis Posterior?
Interosseous membrane
Posterior surface inferior to soleal line
Posterior surface of fibula
62
What is the insertion of Tibialis Posterior?
```
Tuberosity of navicular
Cuneiform
Cuboid
Sustentaculum tali
Bases of 2nd - 4th metatarsals
```
63
What is the nerve supply of Tibialis Posterior?
Tibial
64
What is the artery supply of Tibialis Posterior?
Posterior Tibial
65
What is the action of Tibialis Posterior?
Plantarflexion and inversion
66
What is the Origins of Abductor Hallucis?
Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
Flexor Retinaculum
Plantar aponeurosis
67
What is the insertion of Abductor Hallucis?
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
68
What is the nerve supply of Abductor Hallucis?
Medial Plantar
69
What is the artery supply of Abductor Hallucis?
Medial Plantar
70
What is the action of Abductor Hallucis?
Abduction and flexion of great toe (hallux)
71
What is the Origins of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
Plantar aponeurosis
Intermuscular septa
72
What is the insertion of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral 4 digits
73
What is the nerve supply of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
Medial Plantar
74
What is the artery supply of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
Medial Plantar
75
What is the action of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
Flexion of lateral 4 digits
76
What is the Origins of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus
Plantar aponeurosis
Intermuscular Septa
77
What is the insertion of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
78
What is the nerve supply of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
Lateral Plantar
79
What is the artery supply of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
Lateral Plantar
80
What is the action of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
Abduction and flexion of 5th digit (little toe)
81
What is the Origins of Abductor Quadratus Plantae?
Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
82
What is the insertion of Quadratus Plantae?
Posterolateral margin tendon of Flexor Digitorum Longus
83
What is the nerve supply of Quadratus Plantae?
Lateral Plantar
84
What is the artery supply of Quadratus Plantae?
Lateral Plantar
85
What is the action of Quadratus Plantae?
Assists Flexor Digitorum Longus in flexing lateral 4 digits
86
What is the Origins of Lumbricals (4)?
Individual tendons of Flexor Digitorum Longus
87
What is the insertion of Lumbricals (4)?
Medial aspect of expansion over lateral 4 digits
88
What is the nerve supply of Lumbricals (4)?
1st-Medial Plantar
| 2nd-4th-Lateral Plantar
89
What is the action of Lumbricals (4)?
Flexion of proximal phalanges
| Extend middle and distal phalanges lateral 4 digits
90
What is the Origins of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
Plantar surface of cuboid, intermediate and lateral cuneiforms
91
What is the insertion of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
Both sides base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
92
What is the nerve supply of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
Medial Plantar
93
What is the action of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
Flexion of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
94
What is the Origins of Adductor Hallucis?
Oblique Head - Base of 2nd to 4th Metatarsals
| Transverse Head - Plantar ll. of metatarsalphalangeal joints
95
What is the insertion of Adductor Hallucis?
Lateral side base of the proximal phalanx of 1st digit
96
What is the nerve supply of Adductor Hallucis?
Deep branch of lateral plantar
97
What is the action of Adductor Hallucis?
Adduction of 1st digit
| Assists maintaining transverse arch by pulling lateral 4 digits medial
98
What is the Origins of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis?
Base of 5th Metatarsal
99
What is the insertion of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis?
Base of Proximal Phalanx 5th digit
100
What is the nerve supply of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis?
Superficial branch of lateral plantar
101
What is the action of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis?
Flexion of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
102
What is the Origins of Plantar Interossei (3)?
Bases and medial sides of the 3rd to 5th Metatarsals
103
What is the insertion of Plantar Interossei (3)?
Medial sides of bases of phalanges 3-5
104
What is the nerve supply of Plantar Interossei (3)?
Lateral Plantar
105
What is the action of Plantar Interossei (3)?
Adduction of digits 3-5
| Flexion of metatarsophalangeal joints
106
What is the Origins of Dorsal Interossei (4)?
Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5
107
What is the insertion of Dorsal Interossei (4)?
1st- medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
| 2nd-4th - lateral side of 2nd-4th digits
108
What is the nerve supply of Dorsal Interossei (4)?
Lateral Plantar
109
What is the action of Dorsal Interossei (4)?
Abduction of digits 2-4
| Flexion of metatarsophalangeal joints
110
What is the Origins of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?
Calcaneus
Interosseous talocacaneal l.
Stem of inferior extensor retinaculum
111
What is the insertion of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?
Long extensor tendons of 3 medial digits (toes 2-4)
112
What is the nerve supply of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?
Lateral branch deep fibular
113
What is the action of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?
Aids extensor digitorum longus in extension of 3 medial digits at the metatarsalphalangeal joints and interphalangeal joints
114
What is the artery supply of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?
Lateral tarsal
115
What is the Origins of Extensor Hallucis Brevis?
Calcaneus
Interosseous talocalcaneal l.
Stem of inferior extensor retinaculum
116
What is the insertion of Extensor Hallucis Brevis?
Dorsal aspect base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
117
What is the nerve supply of Extensor Hallucis Brevis?
Lateral branch deep fibular
118
What is the artery supply of Extensor Hallucis Brevis?
Lateral tarsal
119
What is the action of Extensor Hallucis Brevis?
Aids extensor hallucis longus in extension of 1st digit at the metatarsophalangeal joint
120
What is the origin of the gluteus Maximus
Dorsum of sacrum
Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line
Sacrotuberous ligament
121
What is the insertion of the gluteus Maximus
Iliotibial tract
| Gluteal tuberosity
122
What is the nerve innervation of Gluteus Maximus
Inferior Gluteal n
123
What is the artery of Gluteus Maximus
Superior and inferior gluteal artery
124
What is the action the Gluteus Maximus
Extension of thigh from flexed position
| Assists with lateral rotation and rising from sitting position
125
What is the Origin of the gluteus medius
External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
126
What is the insertion of the gluteus medius
Lateral surface of the greater trochanter
127
What is the nerve innervation of gluteus medius
Superior gluteal nerve
128
What is the artery of gluteus medius
Superior gluteal artery
| ascending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery
129
What are the actions of gluteus medius
Abducts and medially rotates thigh
Keeps pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing
Advance opposite during swing phase
130
What are the origins of gluteus minimus
External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
131
What are the insertions of gluteus minimus
Anterior surface of greater trochanter
132
What is the nerve innervation of gluteus minimus
Superior gluteal nerve
133
What is the artery of gluteus minimus
Superior gluteal artery
| ascending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery
134
What is the action of gluteus minimus
Abducts and medially rotates thigh
Keeps pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing
Advance opposite during swing phase
135
What is the origin of tensor fascia lata
ASIS
| Anterior part of iliac crest
136
What is the insertion of the tensor fascia lata
IT tract to lateral condyle of tibia
137
What is the nerve innervation of tensor fascia lata
Superior gluteal nerve
138
What is the artery of tensor fascia lata
Superior gluteal artery
| Ascending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery
139
What is the origin of piriformis
Anterior surface of sacrum
| Sacrotuberous ligament
140
What is the insertion of piriformis
Superior border of greater trochanter
141
What is the nerve innervation of piriformis
Ventral rami S1-2
142
What is the artery of piriformis
Inferior gluteal artery
| Superior gluteal artery
143
What is the action of piriformis
Lateral rotation of extended thigh
Abduction of flexed thigh
Steadies femoral head
144
What is the origin of superior gemellus
Ischial spine
145
What is the insertion of superior gemellus
Trochanteric fossa of femur via tendon of obturator internus
146
What is the nerve innervation of superior gemellus
Nerve to obturator internus
147
What are the arteries of superior gemellus
Inferior gluteal artery
Medial femoral artery
Circumflex arteries
148
What is the action of superior gemellus
Lateral rotation of extended thigh
Abduction of flexed thigh
Steadies femoral head
149
What is the origin of obturator internus
Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
150
What is the insertion of obturator internus
Trochanteric fossa of femur
151
What is the nerve innervation of obturator internus
Nerve to obturator internus
152
What is the blood supply of obturator internus
Pelvic part: obturator artery
| Extra pelvic part: medial femoral circumflex artery
153
What is the action of obturator internus
Lateral rotation of extended thigh
Abduction of flexed thigh
Steadies femoral head
154
What is the origin of inferior gemellus
Ischial tuberosity
155
What is the insertion of the inferior gemellus
Trochanteric fossa of femur via tendon of obturator internus
156
What is the nerve innervation of inferior gemellus
Nerve to quadratus femoris
157
What is the artery of inferior gemellus
Medial femoral circumflex artery
158
What is the action of inferior gemellus
Lateral rotation of extended thigh
Abduction of flexed thigh
Steadies femoral head
159
What is the origin of quadratus femoris
Lateral border of Ischial tuberosity
160
What is the insertion of quadratus femoris
Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it
161
What is the nerve innervation of quadratus femoris
Nerve to quadratus femoris
162
What is the artery of inferior gemellus
Medial femoral circumflex and 1st perforating arteries
163
What are the actions of quadratus femoris
Lateral rotation of extended thigh
| Steadies femoral head
164
What is the origin of the pectineus muscle
Superior pubic ramus
165
What is the insertion of the pectineus
Pectineal line of femur
| Inferior to lesser trochanter
166
What is the nerve innervation of pectineus
Femoral obturator nerve (sometimes)
167
What is the artery of pectineus
Anterior branch of obturator artery
168
What is the action of pectineus
Adduction and flexion of thigh
| Assists with medial rotation
169
What is the origin of the iliopsoas
Iliacus: iliac crest and fossa, ala of sacrum anterior sacroiliac ll.
psoas major: sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and IVD; TPs of all lumbar vertebrae
170
What is the insertion of iliopsoas
Iliacus: tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter and femur distal to it
Psoas major: lesser trochanter
171
What is the nerve innervation of iliopsoas
Iliacus: femoral
| Psoas major: ventral rami of L1-L2
172
What are the arteries of the iliopsoas
Femoral and medial femoral circumflex arteries
173
What are the actions of iliopsoas
Flexion of thigh or trunk
| Stabilize hip joint
174
What is the origin of sartorius
ASIS and superior part of notch inferior to it
175
What is the insertion for as sartorius
Superior part medial surface of tibia
176
What is the nerve innervation of sartorius
Femoral n
177
What is the artery of sartorius
Femoral artery
178
What are the actions of sartorius
Flexion abduction and lateral rotation of thigh
Flexion of leg
Medial rotation of leg when knee is flexed
179
What is the origin of rectus femoris
AIIS
| ilium superior to acetabulum
180
What is the insertion of rectus femoris
Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
181
What is the innervation of rectus femoris
Femoral n
182
What is the artery of rectus femoris
Femoral artery
183
What is the action of rectus femoris
Extension of leg
Flexion of thigh
Steadies hip joint
184
What is the origin of vastus lateralis
Greater trochanter
| Lateral lip linea aspera
185
What is the insertion of vastus lateralis
Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
186
What is the innervation of vastus lateralis
Femoral n
187
What is the artery of vastus lateralis
Femoral artery
| Profunda femoris
188
What is the action of vastus lateralis
Extension of leg
189
What is the origin of vastus intermedius
Anterior and lateral surfaces of femoral shaft
190
What is the insertion of vastus intermedius
Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
191
What is the innervation of vastus intermedius
Femoral n
192
What is the artery vastus intermedius
Femoral artery
| Profunda femoris
193
What is the action of vastus intermedius
Extension of leg
194
What is the origin of vastus medialis
Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera
195
What is the insertion of the vastus medialis
Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
196
What is the innervation of vastus medialis
Femoral n
197
What are the arteries of the vastus medialis
Femoral artery
| Profunda femoris artery
198
What is the action of the vastus medialis
Extension of leg
199
What is the origin of adductor longus
Body of pubic inferior to pubic crest
200
What is the insertion of adductor longus
Middle 1/3 of linea aspera
201
What is the nerve innervation of adductor longus
Anterior division obturator
202
What is the artery of adductor longus
Anterior branch of obturator
203
What is the action of adductor longus
Addiction of thigh
204
What is the origin of adductor brevis
Body and inferior pubic ramus
205
What is the insertion of adductor brevis
Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera
206
What is the nerve innervation of adductor brevis
Anterior division obturator
207
What is the artery of adductor brevis
Anterior branch of obturator
208
What is the action of adductor brevis
Adduction and limited flexion of thigh
209
What is the origin of adductor Magnus
Adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
| Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
210
What is the insertion of adductor Magnus
Adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar ridge
Hamstring part: adductor tubercle
211
What is the nerve innervation of adductor Magnus
Adductor part: posterior division of obturator
| Hamstring part: tibial division of sciatic nerve
212
What is the artery of adductor Magnus
Anterior branch obturator artery and perforating artery
213
What is the action of adductor Magnus
Adduction of thigh
Adductor part: flexes thigh
Hamstring part: extends thigh
214
What is the origin of gracilis
Body and inferior ramus of pubis
215
What is the insertion of gracilis
Superior part medial surface of tibia
216
What is the nerve innervation of gracilis
Anterior division obturator
217
What is the artery of gracilis
Anterior branch obturator
218
What is the action of gracilis
Adduction of thigh
Flex leg
Medial rotation of leg
219
What is the origin obturator externus
Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
220
What is the insertion of obturator externus
Trochanteric fossa of femur
221
What is the nerve innervation of obturator externus
Posterior division of obturator
222
What is the artery of obturator externus
Anterior branch of obturator
223
What are the actions of the obturator externus
Lateral rotation of thigh
| Steadies femoral head
224
What is the origin of semitendinosus
Ischial tuberosity
225
What is the insertion of semitendinosus
Superior part of medial surface of tibia
226
What is the nerve innervation of semitendinosus
Tibial n
227
What is the artery of semitendinosus
Profunda femoris
| Posterior branches of obturator artery
228
What are the actions of semitendinosus
Extension of thigh
Flexion of leg
Medial rotation
229
What is the origin of semimembranosus
Ischial tuberosity
230
What is the insertion of semimembranosus
Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
231
What is the nerve innervation of semimembranosus
Tibial n
232
What is the artery of semimembranosus
Profunda femoris
| Posterior branches of obturator artery
233
What is the action of semimembranosus
Extension of thigh
Flexion of leg
Medial rotation
234
What is the origin of biceps femoris
Long head: ischial tuberosity
| Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
235
What is the insertion of the biceps femoris
Lateral side head of fibula
236
What is the nerve innervation of the biceps femoris
Long head: tibial n
| Short head: common fibular n
237
What is the artery of the biceps femoris
Profunda femoris
| Long head only: posterior branches of obturator
238
What is the action of biceps femoris
Flexion of leg when knee is flexed
Lateral rotation when knee is flexed
Extension of thigh
