Lower GIT

Question 1

Where does the descending thoracic aorta become abdominal aorta?

Answer 1

Aortic hiatus at the level of T12

Question 2

Where does the abdominal aorta terminate?

Answer 2

Level of L4 where it bifurcates into right and left common iliac arteries

Question 3

What do the common iliac arteries divide into?

Answer 3

External and internal iliac arteries

Question 4

At what vertebral level does the celiac trunk arise?

Answer 4

Upper boarder of L1

Question 5

What attaches jejunum and ileum to posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 5

Mesentery containing blood vessels and nerves

Question 6

What are Payer’s patches?

Answer 6

Microscopic group of lymph nodes

Question 7

Where are Payer’s patches found?

Answer 7

Ileum of small intestine

Question 8

At what vertebral level does the superior mesenteric artery arise?

Answer 8

Lower boarder of L1

Question 9

At what vertebral level does the inferior mesenteric artery arise?

Answer 9

Lower boarder of L3

Question 10

At what vertebral level does median sacral artery arise?

Answer 10

L4

Question 11

What is the median sacral artery?

Answer 11

Single parietal artery

Question 12

Where does the ascending colon become the transverse colon?

Answer 12

Right colic flexure

Question 13

Where does the transverse colon become the descending colon?

Answer 13

Left colic flexure

Question 14

In terms of peritoneum, how is the ascending and descending colon described?

Answer 14

Retroperitoneal

Question 15

In terms of peritoneum, how is the transverse colon described?

Answer 15

Intraperitoneal

Question 16

What are 3 of the main branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

Answer 16

1. Left colic artery
2. Sigmoid arteries
3. Superior rectal artery

Question 17

What body system is the spleen a part of?

Answer 17

Immune system

Question 18

At what vertebral level does the inferior vena cava enter the thorax?

Answer 18

T8

Question 19

What 2 branches of IVC correspond to parietal branches of abdominal aorta?

Answer 19

1. Inferior phrenic veins

2. Lumbar veins

Question 20

What 3 branches of IVC correspond to visceral branches of abdominal aorta?

Answer 20

1. Right suprarenal vein
2. Right and left renal veins
3. Right gonadal vein

Question 21

How do left suprarenal and left gonadal veins drain?

Answer 21

Indirectly via left renal vein

Question 22

How does venous drainage occur from spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and GIT (except inferior part of rectum)?

Answer 22

Through portal system which delivers venous blood to liver and then IVC via hepatic veins

Question 23

How is inferior part of the rectum drained of venous blood?

Answer 23

Via inferior rectal vein which ends in interior iliac vein

Question 24

What are 4 main muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 24

1. Psoas major
2. Psoas minor
3. Iliacus
4. Quadratus lumborum

Question 25

Where does psoas major originate?

Answer 25

Bodies of vertebrae T12 - L5

Question 26

Where does psoas major insert?

Answer 26

Lesser trochanter of the femur

Question 27

What is the action of psoas major when trunk is stabilised?

Answer 27

Flexes thigh at hip join

Question 28

What is the action of psoas major when the body is supine?

Answer 28

Flexes the trunk

Question 29

What is the nerve supply of psoas major?

Answer 29

Anterior rami of L1 - L3

Question 30

Where does psoas minor originate?

Answer 30

Vertebrae T12 - L1 and intervening intervertebral disc

Question 31

Where does psoas minor insert?

Answer 31

Pectineal line of pelvic brim

Question 32

What is the action of psoas minor?

Answer 32

Weak flexor of the trunk

Question 33

What is the nerve supply of psoas minor?

Answer 33

Anterior rami of L1

Question 34

What is the origin of iliacus?

Answer 34

Iliac fossa

Question 35

What is the insertion of iliacus?

Answer 35

Lesser trochanter of femur

Question 36

What is the action of iliacus?

Answer 36

Forms iliopsoas with psoas major as chief flexor of the thigh

Question 37

What is the nerve supply of iliacus?

Answer 37

Femoral nerve (L2 - L4)

Question 38

What is the origin of quadratus lumborum?

Answer 38

Transverse process of L5 and adjoining part of iliac crest

Question 39

Where is the insertion of quadratus lumborum?

Answer 39

Inferior boarder of rib 12

Question 40

What are 2 actions of quadratus lumborum?

Answer 40

1. Fixes 12 rib | 2. Lateral bending of trunk

Question 41

What is the nerve supply of quadratus lumborum?

Answer 41

Anterior rami of T12 - L4