Lungs and Respiration

Question 1

What are the two functional divisions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

1. Conducting portion

2. Respiratory portion

Question 2

What are the 6 sections of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

1. Nasal Cavity
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx
4. Trachea
5. Bronchi
6. Bronchioles

Question 3

What are the 4 sections of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

1. Respiratory bronchioles
2. Alveolar ducts
3. Alveolar sacs
4. Alveoli

Question 4

What shape is the trachea?

Answer 4

C-shaped

Question 5

What is the trachea?

Answer 5

A rigid tube which conducts air from larynx to lungs

Question 6

What level does the trachea extend between?

Answer 6

Start at level of vertebra C6 and descends to level of vertebra T4

Question 7

Name 2 main features distinct to the right bronchi

Answer 7

1. Secondary bronchus emerges before hilum

2. Three secondary bronchi to the three lobes

Question 8

Name 2 main features distinct to the left bronchi

Answer 8

1. Branches within the hilum

2. Two secondary bronchi to the two lobes

Question 9

Name 2 differences between right and left bronchi, not including the 2 main distinctions

Answer 9

1. Right has bigger diameter

2. Right is more vertical

Question 10

Give the 7 levels of the bronchi from the bifurcation of the trachea to the alveoli

Answer 10

1. Primary bronchus
2. Lobar Bronchus
3. Segmental bronchus
4. Bronchioles
5. Terminal bronchiole
6. Respiratory bronchioles
7. Alveolar Duct
8. Alveoli

Question 11

To which level in the bronchi does the passage for air passage descend to?

Answer 11

Respiratory bronchioles

Question 12

At what level in the bronchi does the passage for gas exchange being?

Answer 12

Respiratory bronchioles

Question 13

What is a bronchopulmonary segment of the lung?

Answer 13

A portion of the lung supplied by a tertiary bronchus

Question 14

How can a single segment be surgically resected without affecting other segments?

Answer 14

Each segment has its own VAN so is functionally and anatomically discrete

Question 15

Where does gaseous exchange occur in the lung?

Answer 15

Alveoli

Question 16

What is asthma?

Answer 16

Causes spasm of smooth muscle in bronchial tree

Question 17

What is auscultation?

Answer 17

Listening to internal songs of the body

Question 18

What is percussion?

Answer 18

Tapping the surface of a body part to learn the condition of the parts underneath

Question 19

What is segmentectomy?

Answer 19

Helps remove lung disease without removing excess normal lung

Question 20

What is thoracocentesis?

Answer 20

Removal of fluid in pleural effusion from pleural space for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes

Question 21

At what level does the lung end in the midclavicular line?

Answer 21

6th costal cartilage

Question 22

At what level does the lung end in the midaxillary line?

Answer 22

8th costal cartilage

Question 23

At what level does the pleural fluid end in the midclavicular line?

Answer 23

8th costal cartilage

Question 24

At what level does the pleural fluid end in the midaxillary line?

Answer 24

10th costal cartilage

Question 25

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

Answer 25

1. Nasopharynx 2. Oropharynx 3. Laryngopharynx

Question 26

What is the nasopharynx?

Answer 26

Lies posterior to nasal cavity above soft palate

Question 27

What is found on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx?

Answer 27

Opening of the auditory tube

Question 28

What is the oropharynx?

Answer 28

Oral part of the pharynx which lies posterior to the oral cavity

Question 29

What levels does the oropharynx run between?

Answer 29

Soft palate to C3 vertebra

Question 30

What are found on the lateral wall of the oropharynx?

Answer 30

Palatine tonsils

Question 31

What levels does the laryngopharynx run between?

Answer 31

C3-C6

Question 32

Which area of the pharynx has only a respiratory function?

Answer 32

Nasopharynx

Question 33

At what level does the trachea bifurcate?

Answer 33

T4 vertebra

Question 34

What are the three parts of the parietal pleura?

Answer 34

1. Mediastinal pleura 2. Costal pleura 3. Diaphragmatic pleura

Question 35

What are 4 main features of the right lung?

Answer 35

1. Short and wide due to compression by liver 2. Has 2 fissures - Oblique and transverse 3. Has 3 lobes - Upper, middle and lower 4. Has 2 bronchi, pulmonary artery and 2 pulmonary veins

Question 36

What are 4 main features of the left lung?

Answer 36

1. Long and narrow due to compression by heart 2. Has 1 fissure - Oblique 3. Has 2 lobes - Upper and lower 4. Has 1 bronchus, pulmonary artery and 2 pulmonary veins

Question 37

What is the most superior feature of the hilum in the right lung?

Answer 37

Eparterial bronchus

Question 38

What is the most superior feature of the hilum in the left lung?

Answer 38

Pulmonary artery

Question 39

What are the segments of each lung?

Answer 39

See diagram in Lung and Bronchial Tree lecture

Question 40

What are the impressions found on the surface of each lung?

Answer 40

See diagram in Lung and Bronchial Tree lecture

Question 41

What are the blood vessels found on the surface of each lung?

Answer 41

See diagram in Lung and Bronchial Tree lecture