Urinary Tract Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are the 4 main components of the urinary tract?
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Bladder
- Urethra
What are 4 functions of the urinary system?
- Removal of waste products
- Regulation of electrolyte balance
- Regulation of acid-base homeostasis
- Control blood volume
What separates kidney from pleural cavity and 11th and 12th ribs?
Diaphragm
What three muscles are found posterior to kidneys from medial aspect to lateral aspect?
- Psoas major
- Quadratus lumborum
- Transversus abdominis
What 3 nerves descend posterior to the kidney?
- Subcostal
- Iliohypogastric
- Ilioinguinal
What is the main difference between left and right suprarenal veins?
Right suprarenal vein drains directly into IVC while left suprarenal vein drains into left renal vein
What is the main difference between left and right gonadal veins?
Right gonadal vein drains directly into IVC while left gonadal vein drains into left renal vein
What is the order of the 3 structures entering the hilum of the kidney from anterior to posterior?
- Renal vein
- Renal artery
- Ureter
What are ureters?
Paired muscular tubes which carry urine from kidney to bladder
How is urine transported along ureter?
Peristaltic action
Where do they pass through the pelvis?
Anterior to common iliac arteries
Name 3 constrictions of the ureter
- Pelviureteric junction
- Vesicoureteric junction
- Ureter crossing common iliac artery
What is the pelviureteric junction?
Junction between renal pelvis and ureter
What is the vesicoureteric junction?
Junction as ureter obliquely enters bladder wall
What problem can arise in the constrictions of the ureter?
Stones are more likely to get stuck here
Name 3 parts of the ureter
- Abdominal ureter
- Pelvic ureter
- Intravesical ureter
Where does the abdominal ureter become the pelvic ureter?
Pelvic brim
Where does the pelvic ureter becomes the intravesical ureter?
Bladder
Give an account of the ureters descent course
- Runs along medial aspect of psoas muscle
- Enters pelvis anteriorly to sacroiliac joint
- Continues anteriorly to internal iliac artery
- At ischial spin turns forward and medially to enter posterolateral wall of bladder
Where is the bladder located in females?
Behind the pubic bone
Where does the bladder lie in adults when its empty?
Pelvis
Where does the bladder lie in adults when it begins to fill?
Superior wall rises into hypogastric region
Where does the bladder always lie in young children?
Always projects above pelvic inlet
Where do the ureters pierce the bladder?
Postolateral surface
