Muscles

Question 1

What are the four ways to classify muscle?

Answer 1

1. Type
2. Striations
3. Fibres
4. Function

Question 2

What are the three types of muscle?

Answer 2

1. Skeletal
2. Smooth
3. Cardiac

Question 3

What are 2 functions of skeletal muscle?

Answer 3

1. Producing body movements

2. Maintaining posture

Question 4

What are the 3 parts of a skeletal muscle?

Answer 4

1. Origin (where it starts)
2. Belly (fleshy contractile part)
3. Insertion (where it finishes)

Question 5

Name 3 types of tendons which attach skeletal muscle to bone

Answer 5

1. Cylindrical
2. Linear
3. Common

Question 6

Name 3 types of common tendons

Answer 6

1. Aponeurosis
2. Raphe
3. Intermediate

Question 7

Give an example of a cylindrical tendon

Answer 7

Calcaneal tendon

Question 8

Give an example of a linear tendon

Answer 8

Temporalis

Question 9

Give an example of an aponeurosis tendon

Answer 9

Anterior abdominal wall

Question 10

Give an example of a raphe tendon

Answer 10

Tendon joining mylohyoid muscle at floor of the mouth

Question 11

Give an example of an intermediate tendon

Answer 11

Intermediate tendon between anterior and posterior belly of digastric muscle

Question 12

Name a skeletal muscle based on its shape

Answer 12

Trapezius

Question 13

Name a skeletal muscle based on its number of origins

Answer 13

Triceps

Question 14

Name a skeletal muscle based on its location

Answer 14

Biceps femoris

Question 15

Name a skeletal muscle based on its function

Answer 15

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Flexor Digitus Profundus

Question 16

Name a skeletal muscle based on its origin or insertion

Answer 16

Thyrohyoid

Question 17

Classify 3 muscles types according to striations

Answer 17

1. Skeletal - Striated and Voluntary
2. Cardiac - Striated and Involuntary
3. Smooth - Non-Striated and Involuntary

Question 18

What are the 5 ways to classify muscle by its fibres?

Answer 18

1. Strap
2. Fusiform
3. Fan
4. Pennate
5. Sphincter

Question 19

What is a strap muscle?

Answer 19

Muscle fibres which run parallel to each other

Question 20

Give an example of a strap muscle

Answer 20

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 21

What is a fusiform muscle?

Answer 21

Muscle which converges at both the origin and insertion

Question 22

Give an example of a fusiform muscle

Answer 22

Biceps brachii

Question 23

What is a fan shaped muscle?

Answer 23

A muscle which arises from a broad area to converage in a single tendon

Question 24

Give 2 examples of a fan shaped muscle

Answer 24

1. Temporalis

2. Pectoralis Major

Question 25

What is a unipenate muscle?

Answer 25

A muscle which tendon lies to one side and fibres run obliquely to it

Question 26

Give an example of a unipennate muscle

Answer 26

Extensor digitorum

Question 27

What is a bipennate muscle?

Answer 27

A muscle which tendon runs down the centre of the muscle and its fibres run obliquely to it from two sides

Question 28

Give an example of a bipennate muscle

Answer 28

Interosseous muscles between metacarpal bones

Question 29

What is an aponeurosis tendon?

Answer 29

A strong sheet of fibrous tissue which attaches ends of a muscle

Question 30

What is a raphe tendon?

Answer 30

An inter-digitation of the tendinous ends of fibres of flat muscles

Question 31

What is a multipennate muscle?

Answer 31

A muscle which has multiple rows of oblique fibres and are arranged as a series of bipennate muscles lying alongside each other

Question 32

Give an example of a multipennate muscle

Answer 32

Deltoid

Question 33

What is a sphincter muscle?

Answer 33

A circular muscle which encircles a body orifice

Question 34

Give 2 examples of a sphincter muscle

Answer 34

1. Orbicularis oris | 2. Orbicularis oculi

Question 35

What are the four ways to classify the function of a muscle?

Answer 35

1. Prime Mover 2. Antagonist 3. Synergist 4. Fixator

Question 36

What is a prime mover?

Answer 36

Chief muscle or muscle group which is responsible for a particular movement

Question 37

What is an antagonist?

Answer 37

A muscle which opposes the action of the prime mover

Question 38

What are the two definitions of a synergist?

Answer 38

1. A muscle which facilitates the prime mover action by performing the same action 2. A muscle which stretches across joints to stabilize joint

Question 39

What is a fixator?

Answer 39

A muscle which contracts to stabilize the origin of the prime mover and fix it to the bone

Question 40

How does the arm work with regards to flexion and the classification of muscle by function?

Answer 40

1. Prime Mover = Brachialis 2. Antagonist = Triceps 3. Synergist = Bicep / Flexor Carpi Radialis

Question 41

Give an example of a fixator?

Answer 41

Rhomboideus Major