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AANATOMY > Lower limb 1 > Flashcards

Lower limb 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The 2 superficial veins of lower limb

A

Great and small saphenous

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2
Q

Which superficial vein ascends anterior to medial malleolus?

A

Great saphenous

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3
Q

Which vein ascends posterior to lateral malleolus?

A

Small saphenous

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4
Q

Which veins does small and great saphenous empty into?

A

great saphenous -> femoral vein

small spaehnous -> popliteal vein

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5
Q

What is varicose veins and which vein is most common affected

A

Dilated superficial veins due to incompetent valves

Great saphenous is most commonly affected

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6
Q

Important Lymph nodes in the lower limbs

A

Superficial and deep inguinal

Popliteal

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7
Q

Hip joint type

A

Synovial ball and socket

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8
Q

Why is hip joint more stable than shoulder joint?

A

Deeper socket

More stability

Weight bearing

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9
Q

What is the acetabular labrum?

A

Fibrocartilaginous ring surrounding hip joint

Increases depth of socket -> more stability

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10
Q

Function of acetabular labrum

A

Allow head of femur to articulate with pelvis

Deepend the joint -> more stability

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11
Q

3 main ligaments of hip joint

A

ilio-femoral

pubo-femoral

ischio-femoral

(all the bones of the pelvis -> femur)

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12
Q

Iliofemoral and ischiofermoral ligament prevents what?

A

Hyperextension of hip joint

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13
Q

Pubofemoral ligament prevents what?

A

Hyperabduction of hip joint

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14
Q

Movements permitted at hip joint

A

flexion & extension

abduction & adduction

circumduction

medial & lateral rotation

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15
Q

Chief flexor of thigh

A

Iliopsoas

(formed by the union of the illiacus and psoas major as they insert onto the hip joint)

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16
Q

Flexors of the thigh

A

iliopsoas

pectineus

sartorius

quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus medialis & lateralis)

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17
Q

Extensors of hip joint

A

Gluteus maximus

Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosis & semimembranosus)

Adductor magnus

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18
Q

Main extensor of hip joint

A

Gluteus maximus

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19
Q

When is gluteus maximus strong and when is it relatively inactive?

A

Strong -> Sitting & limbing stairs

Inactive -> walking

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20
Q

What compartment of the thigh muscles is responsible for adduction?

A

Medial

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21
Q

adductor muscles

A

adductor magnus

adductor longus

adductor brevis

gracilis

obturator externus

pectineus

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22
Q

Innervation of adductor compartment

A

Obturator nerve

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23
Q

How obturator nerve exits the pelvis?

A

In the obturator canal, which is in the obturaor membrane, which is in the obturator foramen

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24
Q

What muscles abduct the hip?

A

gluteus medius

gluetus minimus

piriformis

gemelli

obturator internus

TFL

quadratus femoris

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25
What prevents the pelvis dropping when 1 leg is raised?
Abductors on the opposite side (hence why Trendelenberg's sign is caused by weak abductor muscles)
26
Medial rotators of hip joint
gluteus minimus glutues medius TFL
27
4 heads of quariceps femoris?
recuts femoris vastus medialis vastus lateralis vastus intermedius
28
Which nerve innervates quadriceps?
Femoral nerve (L2-4)
29
Action of rectus femoris on hip
Stabilisation helps iliopsoas flex
30
What forms quadriceps tendon and what does this continue as?
**Quadriceps tendon -\>** 4 parts of quadriceps unite proximal to patella **cotinues as -\>** patellar ligamaent
31
Quadriceps action on knee
Extension
32
3 actions of sartorius on hip
flexion lateral rotation abduction
33
sartorius action on knee
flexion
34
What movement shows action of sartorius muscle?
Place heel on opposite patella
35
Why does sartorius both flex hip and knee joint?
Spirals around thigh from lateral to medial Crosses hip anteriorly and knee posteriorly
36
5 medial thigh muscles
adductor magnus adductor longus adductor brevis gracilis obturator externus
37
Innervation of medial thigh muscles
Obturator nerve (L2 -\> L4)
38
Structures passing through adductor hiatus
Femoral artery & vein They then enter the popliteal fossa
39
Femoral artery is a continuation of which artery?
External iliac artery
40
Where does external iliac artery --\> femoral artery?
Middle of inguinal ligament
41
Femoral artery enters thigh midway between which 2 bony structures?
ASIS and pubic symphysis (in the femoral triangle)
42
Branch of femoral artery passing posteriorly towards hamstrings?
Profunda femoris artery
43
Femoral vein is a continuation of which vein?
Popliteal
44
Femoral vein passes under inguinal ligament to become..
External iliac vein (veins go up remeber you mug)
45
2 important veins draining into femoral triangle
profundal femoris vein great saphenous vein
46
Cannulation of femoral vein is used for what?
Cardiac angiography
47
Largest branch of lumbar plexus (T12 -\> L5)
Femoral nerve
48
what is the femoral triangle
Triangular depression below inguinal ligament
49
medial border of femoral triangle
adductor longus (apex of feomral triagnle= where the adducor longus crosses over the sartorius)
50
Lateral border of femoral triangle
sartorius
51
base (top) of femoral triangle
inguinal ligament
52
3 main contents of femoral triangle
femoral vein (most medial) femoral artery femoral nerve (most lateral) (all the femoral shite)
53
what is the femoral sheath
Funnel shaped fascial tube which surrounds proximal part of femoral vessels (femoral artery & vein) Creates **femoral canal** medial to them the femoral canal contains: * lymphactics * fat * loos connective tissue It fucking does not surround the femoral nerve
54
what is this
A **femoral hernia** Due to a weak femoral ring (top of femoral canal) F\>M
55
mnemonic for femoral canal contents
NAVEL N= femoral **n**erve A= femoral **a**rtery V= femoral **v**ein E= **e**mplty space (femoral canal) L= **L**ymph nodes
56
What is the adductor canal?
femoral triangle structures leave distally (at the base) and burrow beneath muscles to create canal AKA Hunter's canal
57
How does adductor canal reach popliteal fossa?
Passes through adductor hiatus within tendon of adductor magnus Emerges posterior to knee
58
Adductor canal serves a role in which name change?
(Anterior) Femoral artery --\> (posterior) Popliteal artery
59
When does anterior femoral artery --\> posterior popliteal artery name change occur?
Adductor hiatus
60
Adductor canal contents
femoral artery & vein saphenous nerve nerve to vastus medialis
61
Why is it called Hunter's canal?
John Hunter ligated the femoral artery in adductor canal to treat popliteal artery aneurysms
62
Where does lumbar plexus nerves emerge?
Through psoas major On posterior abdominal wall
63
2 major nerves of lumbar plexus
femoral nerve obturator nerve
64
Lumbar plexus roots
T12-L5
65
Where in the femoral triangle to femoral hernias occur
Posterior and inferior to the inguinal ligaments Femoral hernias are more comon in women
66
Which LN is this
Inguinal group
67
What muscles attach to the greater trochanter of femur
Gluteus medius & mimimus Piriformis Obturator internus & externus
68
What muscles attach to the lesser trochanter of the femur
Psoas major Illiacus
69
What muscles attach to the ischial tuberosity
Adductor magus Hammys
70
Where does the rectus femoris originate
Anterior inferior iliac spine
71
What musscles attach to the ischial spine
Gemellus Levator ani Coccygeus
72
What are the 3 borders of the adductor (hunters) canal
Medial -\> sartorius Lateral -\> vastus medialis Posterior (apex) -\> adductor longus
73

AANATOMY (20 decks)

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