Upper limb 4

Question 1

3 functional groups of the posterior forearm

Answer 1

muscles that:

extend and abduct/adduct wrist

extend medial 4 digits

extend or abduct the thumb

Question 2

3 muscles which extend and abduct/adduct wrist

Answer 2

extensor carpi radialis brevis (medial)

extensor carpi radialis longus (lateral)

extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 3

action of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

Answer 3

extend and abduct wrist

Question 4

What muscle helps the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis abduct the wrist?

Answer 4

flexor carpi radialis

Question 5

3 muscles that extend the medial 4 digits

Answer 5

extensor digitorum

extensor digiti minimi

extensor indicis

Question 6

Action, origin and insertion of extensor digitorum

Answer 6

Action -> extend the wrist and digits

Origin -> lateral epicondyle

Insetion -> ends in tendon which goes under extensor retinaculum

(the lateral epicondyle is the common extensor origin)

Question 7

Muscles that extend or abduct thumb

Answer 7

extensor pollicus longus

extensor pollicus brevis

abductor pollicus longus

Question 8

What nerve innervates all muscles of posterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 8

Radial nerve

Question 9

What does the supinator muscle cover?

Answer 9

Neck and proximal part of the shaft of radius

Covering it completely except on medial side

Not on the fuckin medial side

Question 10

Main action and the innervation of supinator muscle

Answer 10

Innervation -> Radial nerve

Action -> Supination of forearm

Question 11

Where does the radial nerve divide into superficial and deep branches?

Answer 11

Cubital fossa

Question 12

Branches of radial nerve

Answer 12

deep branch = posterior interosseous nerve

superficial branch -> sensory skin on dorsum of hand

Question 13

what is the dorsal venous arch

Answer 13

Where the main superficial veins of the upper limb (cephalic and basilic) join in subcutaneous tissue on dorsum of hand

Question 14

what is a syynovial cyst (ganglion)

Answer 14

Non tender cystic growths on dorsum of hand

Occur in synovial sheaths covering tendons

Question 15

What is this

Answer 15

Colles fracture

Fracture of the distal radius

Causes a dinner fork deformity

due to falling on an extended wrist

(unlike a smith fracture which is caused by falling onto a flexed wrist or a direct blow to the dorsum of the hand)

Question 16

Thumb joint type

Answer 16

synovial saddle

Question 17

What tendons bound anatomical snuffbox laterally?

Answer 17

Abductor pollicus longus

extensor pollicus brevis

Question 18

What tendon bounds anatomical snuffbox medially?

Answer 18

extensor pollicus longus

Question 19

What is the Anatomical snuffbox

Answer 19

Shallow depression on lateral aspect of wrist

Occurs when thumb is fully extended

Question 20

2 carpal bones in anatomical snuffbox

Answer 20

scaphoid

trapezium

Question 21

Which artery lies on floor of anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 21

Radial artery

Question 22

What nerve innervates EPL, EPB and APL?

Answer 22

Radial nerve

(it’s deep branch ->posterior interosseous nerve)

Question 23

Main action of EPL and EPB on the thumb at the wrist joint

Answer 23

extend the thumb and wrist joint

Question 24

APL main action of thumb at wrist joint

Answer 24

Abduction

(THE ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS IS A THENAR MUSCLE)

Question 25

What forms the extensor expansions?

Answer 25

4 tendons of extensor digitorum

Question 26

Where are extensor expansions?

Answer 26

Wrap around dorsum and sides of head of metacarpals and base of proximal phalanx`

Question 27

Muscles attaching to extensor expansion

Answer 27

interossei lumbricals extensor digitorum FDS FDP

Question 28

What does the synovial sheath of the hand create the risk of

Answer 28

Spread of infection between the thumbs and fingers

Question 29

What is the benfit of the hand having a collateral circulation

Answer 29

It can be perfused when grasping

Question 30

What arteries are mainly responsible for the superficial and dorsal arterial arches

Answer 30

Superficial -\> ulnar artery Deep -\> radial

Question 31

What is the test that you can do to check if the arterial arches of the hand are working

Answer 31

Allens test

Question 32

What is an allens test used before

Answer 32

Before the radial artery is used for repeated ABGs or arterial lines Checks that the hand can cope with only being perfused by the ulnar artery

Question 33

What does the allens test involve

Answer 33

Occluding both the radial and ulnar arteries then get the pateint to keep on making a fist until their hand goes white Then un-occlude just one of the arteires, and the hand should reperfuse in 15s

Question 34

What condition commonly affects the palmar apponeruosis

Answer 34

Dupuytrens

Question 35

What is the inervation of the deep anterior forearm muscles?

Answer 35

**Flexor pollicis longus** -\> median nerve **Flexor digitorum profundus** -\> median & ulnar nerve **Protonator quadratus** -\> median nerve

Question 36

What are the following type of hand joints: 1. Wrist joint 2. Thumn and tapezium 3. inter-tarsal 4. MPJ 5. IPJ

Answer 36

1. Condylar 2. Saddle 3. Plane 4. Condylar 5. Hinge