Lower limb 2

Question 1

Pelvic girdle and the joints that are anteior and posterior do it

Answer 1

Bony ring consisting of sacrum and hip bones

joined anteriorly -> pubic symphysis

joined posteriorly -> sacro-illiac joints

Question 2

Which sciatic foramen do structures enter & leave the pelvis

Answer 2

greater

Question 3

which sciatic foramen for structures entering &leaving perineum

Answer 3

lesser

ENTER AND LEAVE THE…

_{PELVIS -> GREATER SCIATIC FORMAEN}

_{PERINEUM -> LESSER SCIATIC FORAMEN}

Question 4

How many layers of gluteal muscles?

Answer 4

2

superficial and deep

Question 5

4 muscles of superficial layer of gluteal muscles

Answer 5

gluteus maximus

gluteus medius

gluteus minimus

TFL

Question 6

4 muscles of deep layer of gluteal muscles

Answer 6

piriformis

obturator internus

superior and inferior gemelli

quadratus femoris

Question 7

What is fascial lata?

Answer 7

deep fascia of the thigh

Question 8

2 muscles attached to iliotibial tract

Answer 8

TFL

gluteus maximus

Question 9

Actions of gluteus maximus on hip

Answer 9

extension

external rotation

Movements of gluteus maximus -> EE

(extenral rotatoin and extension)

Question 10

Innervation of gluteus maximus

Answer 10

inferior gluteal nerve

(L5-S2)

Gluteal muscles innervation

Maximus -> inferior gluteal nerve

Medius & minimus -> superior gluteal nerve

Question 11

Actions of gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and TFL at the hip

Answer 11

Abduction

Medial rotation

Question 12

Innervation of gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and TFL

Answer 12

Superior gluteal nerve (L4 -> S1)

Question 13

Deep layer of gluteal muscles action on hip

Answer 13

Stabilisation

Lateral rotation

Question 14

Anterior to which muscle is sacral plexus found?

(sciatic nerve is a branch of the sacral plexus)

Answer 14

Piriformis

Question 15

Sacral plexus is formed by what?

Answer 15

Ventral rami of L4-S4

Question 16

2 main branches of sacral plexus

Answer 16

sciatic

pudendal

Question 17

What is the lumbosacral trunk formed by?

Answer 17

Union of L4 & L5

Question 18

Superior gluteal nerve roots

Answer 18

L4-S1

Question 19

Inferior gluteal nerve roots

Answer 19

L5-S2

Question 20

2 branches of sciatic nerve

Answer 20

common fibular

tibial

Question 21

How many heads does biceps femoris have?

Answer 21

2

(bi=2, ceps= heads)

Question 22

the hamstrings are made up of

Answer 22

biceps femoris

semitendinous

semimembranosus

Question 23

action of hamstrings on knee and hip

Answer 23

hip -> extension

knee -> flexion

Question 24

Which nerve innervates posterior thigh muscles?

Answer 24

Sciatic

Question 25

Knee joint type

Answer 25

Synovial (compound) hinge

Question 26

Movements at knee joint

Answer 26

flexion & extension small active & passive rotation

Question 27

Articular surfaces of knee

Answer 27

medial and lateral condyles of femur tibia posterior surface of patella

Question 28

Most important muscle to stabilise knee joint

Answer 28

Quadriceps femoris

Question 29

Ligaments of knee are thickening of what?

Answer 29

Joint capsule

Question 30

Knee's lateral collateral ligament (LCL) attachments

Answer 30

lateral epicondyle of femur fibula head

Question 31

What muscle separates LCL and lateral meniscus?

Answer 31

Popliteal muscle

Question 32

Knee's medial collateral ligament (MCL) attachments

Answer 32

medial epicondyle of femur medial surface of tibia

Question 33

Is MCL attached to medial meniscus?

Answer 33

It is indeed Attaches at the medial meniscus' midpoint (can cause that 'unhappy triad' injury as a tear to the MCL tears the medial menisucs which also damages the ACL)

Question 34

MCL and medial meniscus attachment importance

Answer 34

Damage to MCL can tear medial meniscus (which can damage the ACL, leading to the 'unhappy triad')

Question 35

2 things the ACL prevents

Answer 35

Hyperextension of knee Femur slipping posteriorly on tibia (anterior sag test and all that jazz)

Question 36

Why is ACL prone to injury and poor to repair?

Answer 36

Poor blood supply

Question 37

What does the PCL prevent

Answer 37

Femur sliding anteriorly on tibia

Question 38

Main functions of menisci

Answer 38

Deepen surface Shock absorption

Question 39

"unhappy triad"

Answer 39

most injuries are lateral direction load on MCL which is attaches to medial meniscus both MCL and medial meniscus tear Puts load on ACL which tears -\> it also tears :(

Question 40

Prepatellar bursitis is also known as

Answer 40

Housemaids knee

Question 41

Which bursa communicates with articular cavity of knee?

Answer 41

Suprapatellar

Question 42

What is Hilton's law

Answer 42

The nerves supplying the joint capsule also supply the muscles regulating the movement of the joint and the skin surroudning it

Question 43

What artery surrounds the neck of the femur

Answer 43

Medial & lateral circumflex femoral artery

Question 44

What is the anatomical landmark for the femoral pulse

Answer 44

Midinguinal point

Question 45

What nerve is related to the head of the fibula

Answer 45

Common fibular nerve

Question 46

What are these nerves

Answer 46

Blue -\> Femoral nerve Red -\> Obturator nerve