lower limb

Question 1

gluteal region
gluteal muscles
origin
insertion
actions

Answer 1

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
origin: iluem of pelvis
insertion: lateral femur
actions: mainly extensors, abuctors, and medial rotators of the thigh at the hip

Question 2

gluteal region
deep group of smaller of smaller muscles:
action

Answer 2

piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli, quadratus femoris, obturator externus
action: lateral rotators of the thigh, stabilize hip

Question 3

innervation of lower limb

Answer 3

from sacral plexus branches (L4-S4)

Question 4

sciatic nerve

Answer 4

thickest and longest nerve of the body
innervates: posterior thigh, leg and foot

Question 5

what is the sciatic nerve composed of

Answer 5

-tibial nerve
-common fibular nerve

Question 6

the thigh bones

Answer 6

femur and patella
patella: sesamoid bone

Question 7

thigh muscle compartments

Answer 7

anterior, posterior, and medial

Question 8

thigh
anterior compartment: hip flexors and knee extensors

Answer 8

-sartorious: flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh, flexes leg at the knee
-tensor fasciae latae
-quadriceps femoris group (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedialis muscles): forms bulk and forms a common tendon inserting into the patellar ligament into the tibial tuberosity
-iliopsoas: chief thigh flexor

Question 9

thigh
anterior compartment:
action and innervation

Answer 9

-action: extension of the knee and flexion of the thigh at hip joint
innervation: femoral nerve

Question 10

thigh
anterior compartment:
iliospoas:
origin and insertion

Answer 10

origin: iliac fossa of sacrum and transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

Question 11

thigh anterior compartment:
sartorius:
origin and insertion

Answer 11

origin: anterior iliac spine
Insertion: medial aspect of proximal tibia (knee)

Question 12

thigh anterior compartment:
tensor fascae latae
origin
insertion

Answer 12

origin:
anterior iliac crest
insertion: iliotibial tract

Question 13

thigh anterior compartment:
quadriceps femoris group
origin and insertion

Answer 13

origin: upper femur
insertion: quad tendon- patellar ligament into the tibial tuberosity

Question 14

thigh anterior compartment:
pectineus
action
origin
insertion

Answer 14

action: flexes thigh and assists with medial rotation
origin: pectineal line of pubis
insert: lesser trochanter

Question 15

medial compartment of thigh:
muscles

Answer 15

adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor mangus
gracilis
pectineous

Question 16

medial compartment of the thigh
action and innervation of the

Answer 16

action: adduction
innervation: obturator nerve

Question 17

medial compartment the thigh:
origin
insertion

Answer 17

origin: pubic bone
insert: medial and posterior sides of femur

Question 18

femoral triangle
muscular boundaries
contents

Answer 18

clinically relevant space in the anterior superior 1/3 of the thigh
-muscular boundaries: sartorius and adductor longus
-contents: femoral nerve and its terminal branches, femoral artery and branches, femoral vein, lymphatics

Question 19

posterior thigh: hamstrings
muscles

Answer 19

biceps femoris (2 heads), semimembranous, and semitendinosus

Question 20

posterior thigh:
action
innervation
origin:

Answer 20

action: flexion of the knee and extension of the thigh at the hip joint
innervation: sciatic nerve
origin: ischial tuberosity

Question 21

posterior thigh:
biceps femoris
insertion

Answer 21

passes laterally into the head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

Question 22

posterior thigh :
semitendinosus
insertion

Answer 22

medial aspect of upper tibial shaft

Question 23

posterior thigh:
semimembranous

Answer 23

medial condyle of tibia

Question 24

what are the bones in the leg

Answer 24

tibia and fibula

Question 25

tibia

Answer 25

-weight bearing -artivulates with the femur superiorly and the talus inferiorly, and the fibula laterally

Question 26

fibula

Answer 26

serves mainly for muscle compartment

Question 27

what are the muscular compartments of the leg

Answer 27

anterior, lateral, and posterior

Question 28

movements of the foot

Answer 28

dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, eversion, and inversion

Question 29

anterior compartment for leg: muscles

Answer 29

tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus extensor hallucis longus fibularis

Question 30

anterior compartment of the leg: action blood supply innervation

Answer 30

action: dorsiflexion, inversion of the foot. extension of the toes blood supply: anterior tibial artery and vein innervation: deep fibular nerve

Question 31

anterior leg tibialis anterior origin insertion

Answer 31

origin: lateral condyle and tibial shaft insert: ankle, inferior medial cuneiform

Question 32

anterior leg extensor digitorum longus origin insertion

Answer 32

origin: lateral condyle of tibia insert: middle and distal phalanges

Question 33

anterior leg extensor hallucis longus origin insertion

Answer 33

origin: anteromedial fibula shaft insert: big toe

Question 34

anterior leg fibularis origin insertion

Answer 34

origin: distal anterior surface of the fibula insertion: dorsum of fifth metatarsal

Question 35

lateral leg muscles

Answer 35

fibularis longus fibularis brevis

Question 36

lateral leg actions blood supply innervation

Answer 36

action: eversion of the foot and weak plantar flexion of the ankle blood supply: no artery course, perforating branches of the anterior tibial and fibular arteries and veins innervation: superficial fibular nerve

Question 37

lateral leg fibularis longus origin insertion

Answer 37

origin: head of lateral fibula insert: 1st metatarsal onto tendon

Question 38

lateral leg fibularis brevis origin insertion

Answer 38

origin: distal fibula shaft insert: 5th metatarsal tendon

Question 39

posterior leg muscles : 2 groups

Answer 39

superficial and deep

Question 40

posterior leg: superficial group muscles known as triceps surae

Answer 40

-plantaris -soleus -gastrocnemius

Question 41

posterior leg: superficial muscles action: innervation: insertion:

Answer 41

action: plantar flexion of the foot innervation: tibial nerve insert: calcaneal tendon to the calcaneous

Question 42

posterior leg: superficial muscles plantaris origin

Answer 42

posterior femur of lateral condyle

Question 43

posterior leg: superficial muscles soleus origin

Answer 43

origin: cone shaped superior tibia and fibula

Question 44

post leg: superficial muscles gastrocnemius origin

Answer 44

medial and lateral condyles of femur

Question 45

posterior leg: deep group muscles origin and insert

Answer 45

popliteus: o-lateral condyle of femur, i-proximal tibia flexor hallucis: o-middle shaft of tibia. i-big toe flexor digitorum: o-posterior tibia, i-toes 2-5 tibialis posterior: o-superior tibia and fibula, i-tarsals and metatarsals 2-4.

Question 46

posterior leg: deep group muscle actions

Answer 46

popliteus: unlocks knee flexor hallucis: flexes big toe flexor digitorum: flexes digits and plantar flexes ankle tibialis posterior: plantar flexes the ankle

Question 47

posterior leg: deep group overall action innervation

Answer 47

action: inversion and plantar flexion of the foot, flexion of the toes innervation: tibial nerve

Question 48

foot bones

Answer 48

7 tarsal bones talus: articulates with tibia calcaneous: heel navicular 5 metatarsal bones 14 phalanges 8 carpal

Question 49

what are the functions of arches of the foot and three types

Answer 49

weight districution -medial -lateral longitudinal -transverse

Question 50

muscles of the foot: function of instrinsic muscles

Answer 50

stabilize joints and allow small movements

Question 51

lumbricals of foot

Answer 51

flexion and extension

Question 52

interossei of foot

Answer 52

adduction and abduction