Lung Cancer- Clinical Features and staging Flashcards
1 in …. cancer deaths in the UK are due to lung cancer
5
Smoking accounts for > …… % of lung cancers
85%
Lung cancer is the most ….. form of cancer
preventable
Risk factors for lung disease
Smoking
Passive smoking
asbestos
air pollution
Advanced metastatic disease symptoms
Bone pain
Spinal cord compression
cerebral metastases
thrombosis
Clinical Signs of Lung Cancer
Chest signs
Clubbing (F)
Lymphadenopathy (F)
SVC obstruction (F)
hepatomegaly (F)
Horner’s Syndrome
Deviated trachea (F)
(F = answers in the formative)
Initial investigations for lung cancer
CXR
FBC
Renal, liver and calcium functions
Clotting screen
Spirometry
Investigations (tissue diagnosis)
Lung biopsy
liver biopsy
Fine needle aspiration of neck node/ skin metastases
Bronchoscopy
Mediatinoscopy
Endobronchial ultrasound
4 types of lung cancer by histology
small cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
large cell carcinoma
Stages of Tumour
type 1
no invasion lobar bronchus
Stages of Tumour
type 2
> 2cm til reach carina
lobar atelectasis
Atelectasis
closure of lobe or lung
Stages of tumour
stage 3
<2cmin til reach carina
Whole lung atelectasis
Carina
cartilage rings around trachea
Stages of tumour
stage 4
Whole lung atelectasis
invaded heart great vessels, trachea, oesophagus
