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Yr1-S2 - Resp System > Pulmonary Neoplasia (lung cancer) Pathology > Flashcards

Pulmonary Neoplasia (lung cancer) Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Lung cancer aetiology

A

tobacco

asbestos

other occupational exposures (hydrocarbons, nickel)

Air pollution

radiation

pulmonary fibrosis

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2
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis

A

lung tissue becomes thickened / scarred

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3
Q

Two types of carcinogen in lung (as well as small and non -small)

A

adenocarcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma

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4
Q

Tumours of bronchial glands are

A

very very rare

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5
Q

Metastases are

A

very very common

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6
Q

Carcinoma of the lung - 4 main cell types

A

Squamous cell
adenocarcinoma
small cell carcinoma
large cell carcinoma

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7
Q

% squamous cell

A

40%

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8
Q

% adenocarcinoma

A

41%

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9
Q

% small cell carcinoma

A

15%

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10
Q

% large cell carcinoma

A

4%

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11
Q

broncioloalveolar cell carcinoma is another one but is now called

A

adenocarcinoma in situ

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12
Q

Two histological types of lung carcinoma

A

small cell carcinoma

non-small cell carcinoma

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13
Q

Small cell carcinomas account ……%

A

15%

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14
Q

non-small cell carcinomas (NSCLC) account for ……. %

A

85%

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15
Q

Types of non-small cell carcinoma

A

adenocarcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma

large cell carcinoma

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16
Q

Primary lung cancer presents ….. in its natural history

A

late

17
Q

Local effects of lung cancer (main)

A

Bronchial obstruction

Direct invasion

Pleural

lymph nodes metastases

18
Q

Local effects:

Bronchial obstruction

A

endogenous lipoid pneumonia

infection/abscess

bronchiectasis

19
Q

Local effects:

Pleural

A

inflammatory

malignant

20
Q

Local effects:

direct invasion

A

chest wall

21
Q

Local effects:

direct invasion

A

nerves

mediastinum

22
Q

Lymph nodes metastases

A

lymphangitis carcinomatosa

23
Q

Lung cancer distant metastases locations

A 
liver 
adrenal glands
bone
brain
skin
24
Q

other effects of lung cancer (non-metastatic)

A

clubbing and hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy

25
Q

Lung Cancer investigations

A

CXR

Bronchoscopy (biopsy and brushings/washings)

Trans-thoracic fine needle aspiration

trans-thoracic core biopsy

pleural effusion

other imaginary techniques (CT scanning, MRI, PET scans)

26
Q

Pleural effusion

A

build up of excess fluid between pleural membranes

27
Q

PET scan

A

positron emission tomography

28
Q

Non-small cell carcinomas 5 year survival rate

A

10-25%

29
Q

Small cell carcinoma 5 year survival rate

A

4%

30
Q

biomarker for adenocarcinoma

A

EGFR

ALK translocations

Yr1-S2 - Resp System (26 decks)

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