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Yr1-S2 - Resp System > Pathology of Restrictive Lung Disease > Flashcards

Pathology of Restrictive Lung Disease Flashcards

1
Q

restrictive also known as

A

interstitial

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2
Q

interstitium of the lung is the

A

connective tissue space around the airways and vessels and the space between the basement membranes of the alveolar walls

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3
Q

restrictive lung disease has a …… FEV1 and a ……. FV and a therefore a …….. FEV1/FVC ratio

A

low FEV1

low FVC

normal FEV1/FVC ratio

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4
Q

Characteristic of restrictive lung disease

A

reduced gas transfer (diffusion abnormality)

Ventilation/perfusion imbalance

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5
Q

Diffuse lung disease presentation

A

discovery of abnormal CXR

Dyspnoea

Respiratory failure (type 1)

heart failure

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6
Q

DAD

A

Diffuse alveolar damage

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7
Q

Diffuse alveolar damage

A

histological pattern in lung disease

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8
Q

DAD is associated with…

A

major trauma

chemical injury/ toxic inhalation

circulator shock

drugs

infection

(but can sometimes be idiopathic)

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9
Q

Histological features of DADs

A

Protein rich oedema

fibrin

hyaline membranes

denuded basement membranes

epithelial proliferation

fibroblast proliferation

scarring (interstitial and airspaces)

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10
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

A multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology

commonly effects young adults (F>M)

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11
Q

Sarcoidosis presnetation

A

Young adult

incidental abnormal CXR (but no symptoms)

SOB, cough, abnormal CXR

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12
Q

If persistent (after 2 or 3 years) sarcoidosis is treated with

A

corticosteroids

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13
Q

Sarcoidosis investigation

A

imaging

serum calcium and ACE

biopsy

pulmonary function tests

blood/urine/ECG eye exam

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14
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis definition

A

an inflammation of the alveoli within the lung caused by hypersensitivity to inhaled organic dusts

also known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis

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15
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (the antigens)

A

thermophilic actinomycetes

brid/animal proteins

fungi

chemicals

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16
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonittis

Acute presentation

A

fever, cough, malaise

chills (4-9 hours)

crackles, tachyopnoea, wheeze

17
Q

Hypersensitivity presentation

A

malaise, SOB, Cough

low grade illness

crackles some wheeze

can lead to respiratory failure (low gas transfer also)

18
Q

Histopathology of hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

immune complex mediates combined type III and type IV hypersensitivity reaction

19
Q

Usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP)

A

is a form of lung disease characterized by progressive scarring of both lungs

20
Q

UIP can be seen in

A

connective tissues diseases

drug reactions

post infection

industrial exposure (asbestos)

(progressive disease -most dead in about 5 years)

21
Q

Histopathology of UIP

A

patchy, interstitial chronic inflammation

type II pneumocyte hyperplasia

smooth muscle and vascular proliferation

22
Q

UIP clinical symptoms

A

dyspnoea

cough

basal crackles

cyanosis

clubbing

23
Q

UIP

A

basal and posterior fibrosis with honeycombing

24
Q

Type I respiratory failure is PaO2 less than

A

8kPa

25
Q

Type II respiratory failure is PaCO2 greater than

A

6.5 kPa

26
Q

Hypoxaemia

A

alveolar hypoventilation

shunt

V/Q imbalance

diffusion impairment

27
Q

Fall in PaO2 due to HYPOventilation is corrected by raising

A

FIO2 (fraction of inspired air which is oxygen)

28
Q

Shunt

A

blood passing from right to left side of heart WITHOUT contacting ventilated alveoli

29
Q

3 main types of interstitial lung disease are

A

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

sarcoidosis

hypersensitivity pneumoitis

30
Q

Pleural causes of interstitial lung disease

A

pleural effusion

pneumothorax

pleural thickening

31
Q

Muscles causes of interstitial lung disease

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

32
Q

sub-diaphragmatic causes of interstitial lung disease

A

obesity

pregnancy

33
Q

skeletal causes of interstitial lung disease

A

Kyphscoliosis

Rib fractures

Thoracoplasty

34
Q

Sarcoidosis histological hallmark

A

non-caveating granuloma

35
Q

Sarcoidosis further investigation

A

bronchoscopy

including biopsies and ultrasound

Yr1-S2 - Resp System (26 decks)

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