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Lymph System Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Allostasis

A

The ability to maintain in an ever changing environment

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2
Q

Pathology versus etiology

A

Pathology: science of disease
Etiology: cause of disease

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3
Q

Pathogenesis versus pathophysiology

A

Pathogenesi: development of disease
Pathophysiology : functional impact of disease

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4
Q

Pathogenicity

A

Ability of disease

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5
Q

Virulence

A

Extent of disease

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6
Q

Colonization

A

Establishment of bacteria residence without disease
-normal microbiota/flora
-Transient microbiota

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7
Q

Normal flora

A

Prevent overgrowth of pathogens
-Microbial antagonism/competitive exclusion

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8
Q

Symbiosis versus mutualism, Puritanism, opportunism

A

Symbiosis: one organism benefits
Mutualism : both benefit
Parasitism: one benefits from the other
Opportunism : pathogenic when possible

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9
Q

The triad

A

External agent, susceptible host, environment with host, an agent together

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10
Q

Symptoms versus signs

A

Symptoms: apparent to patient only
Signs : visible changes in the body function

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11
Q

Syndromes

A

Multiple signs and symptoms

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12
Q

Isolation versus quarantine

A

Isolation: cases/ signs
Quarantine : suspects/symptoms

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13
Q

Incidents versus prevalence

A

Incidence: new/year
Prevalence : new and old each year

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14
Q

Frequency

A

Sporadic/endemic

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15
Q

Population spectrum

A

Outbreak/cluster, epidemic, pandemic

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16
Q

Time and severity spectrum

A

Acute, subacute, chronic, latent

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17
Q

A host

A

Local, systemic , focal

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18
Q

Sepsis

A

Toxic information as a result of bacteria viruses toxemia

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19
Q

Disease

A

-Incubation. Period.
-Prodomal period
-illness
-period of decline
-Convalescence

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20
Q

Portals of entry

A

-mucous membranes
-skin
-Parenteral route

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21
Q

Adherence

A

-glycocalyx
-fimbriae, M-protein, Opa protein, tapered end

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22
Q

Penetration

A

-Enzymatic entry post adherence
-Coagulase, kinesis, hyaluronidases, collagenasis, proteases

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23
Q

Toxic pathogenicity

A

Substances that contribute to pathogens

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24
Q

Toxigenic

A

Ability to produce a toxin

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25
Toxemia
Presence of a toxin in the hosts , blood
26
Toxoid
And activated toxin used in the vaccine
27
Antitoxin
Antibodies against a specific tocsin
28
Enroll exp– toxin
Contain versus secreted
29
Portals of exit
-respiratory tract: coughing, sneezing -Gastrointestinal tract: feces, saliva -Genitourinary tract: Uraine, vaginal secretions -Skin and blood
30
Basic resistance
-speciation an overlap -non-specific
31
Innate immunity
-barriers -prenatal inheritance -non-specific
32
Acquired immunity
Adaptive in specific
33
Physical barrier
Epidermal layering
34
Barrier of cells
Stratified, squamous and sloughing epidermidis
35
Dendrite cells
Phagocytic cells -Nonspecific defense
36
Dermal layering
Collagen elasticity
37
Salt
Hypertonic environment that leads to Crenation
38
Lysozyme
Cell wall inhibiting enzyme
39
Sebum
Acidic soil
40
Goblet cells
Secrete mucin
41
Tears
Glance, ducts, canals
42
Plasma
Iron binding, proteins, antibodies
43
Protein content
44
Transfering
Bloodstream collator, enclocystosell by cells
45
Lactoferrin
Transfering is greater
46
Neutrophils and eosinophils
- phagocystize pathogens -Capable of emigration -Basophils: diabetic(trigger inflammation)
47
Phagocytosis
Chemotaxis: cell motility , adherence , ingestion, maturation, : fuse with lysosomes kilian, elimination: exocytosis
48
Interferons
Cytokines proteins -Cell communication that triggers immune system -Types; 1: early triggers 2: lake triggers
49
Complementary
-lysis of foreign cells -Triggers opsonization of pathogen coding -Activated by classic alternative or lectin pathways
50
Classical pathway
-requires antibodies as triggers -Produces enzymes, signals, inflammation an optimizers -Trigger membrane attack complex
51
Alternative pathway
-antibody independent -Produce multiple cleavage products assemble into enzymes -Rapid response
52
Lectin pathway
-Lectin independen -Lectin binder to Mannose -Rare in humans and abundant in bacteria -produces classical pathway
53
Inflammation
-Acute and chronic -Results in dilation of blood vessels -Migration of phagocytes and tissue repair
54
Vasodilation
-Histamine -Macrophage -Basophils -Clotting
55
Healing
Mitosis post damage
56
Hot crisis
Any temp over 37°C
57
Immunity
Ability to resist, pathogens/infection, disease
58
Resistance
Ward off disease
59
Resistant types
-non-specific: variety -Specific: specific response
60
What do you lymphocytes do?
Identify, attack, and develop immunity to specific pathogen’s -They arise, when nonspecific defense failed to contain the pathogen
61
Nonspecific defenses
-Block or attack any potential infectious organisms -Can’t distinguish different attacks -Skin barriers
62
Antigens
Targets and identifies any pathogenic substance
63
Antibodies
Buds to specific target antigens that initiates antibody mediated immunity
64
B cells
Produce antibodies
65
T cells versus cytokines
-T cells: kill cells, or pathogens, regulate immunity system -Cytokines: protein, hormone, regulates, normal cells
66
Types of antibodies
-active: make own antibodies -passive: receive antibodies from someone else -natural: build on antibodies” just happens” -artificial: vaccine
67
What becomes memory cells?
Cells -Also make antibodies
68
Memory cells
Past antigen account or is it allowed faster and more powerful response if seem, antigen appears again

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