Ch 3: Cell Structure

Question 1

Cell theory

Answer 1

-all living things are made of cells
-All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Question 2

Definition of cells

Answer 2

Building blocks of living things
-Surrounded by plasma membrane
-Self sustained

Question 3

Definition of plasma membrane

Answer 3

Semi permeable that surrounds selling most organelles
-Made up of phospholipids
-Separate living parts of cell from outside environment
-Regulate transport of molecules

Question 4

Molecule, transport systems

Answer 4

Passive transport and active transport

Question 5

Passive transport

Answer 5

(up)-(down)
-Diffusion
-Osmosis
-Facilitated diffusion
-Goes with material

Question 6

Active transport

Answer 6

(down)-(up)
-Direct
-Indirect
-Large scale transport (ATP)
-Goes against material

Question 7

Isotonic

Answer 7

Same concentration inside and out

Question 8

Hypotonic (cytolysis)

Answer 8

Outside concentration is lower than inside

Question 9

Hypertonic (crenation)

Answer 9

Outside concentration is higher than inside

Question 10

Exocytosis

Answer 10

Reversing endocytosis to remove waste products from cells

Question 11

Endocytosis

Answer 11

-Also called phagocytosis
-Cell wraps the plasma membrane around an object and engulfs it

Question 12

Pinocytosis

Answer 12

Cells take in water with dissolved nutrients into vesicles

Question 13

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 13

Molecules are still moving in both directions, but the net movement is zero

Question 14

Definition of diffusion

Answer 14

Movement of molecules across plasma membranes from (up) to (down) to establish dynamic equilibrium
-No energy required

Question 15

Definition of osmosis

Answer 15

Diffusion of water through semi permeable membrane from (down) to (up) for dynamic equilibrium
-No energy required

Question 16

Types of cells (morphology)

Answer 16

-Kingdoms
-Prokaryotes
-Eukaryotes

Question 17

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 17

Archaea and bacteria
-No nucleus

Question 18

Kingdom Monera

Answer 18

Bacteria
-Unicellular
-Limited organelles
-No membranes
-Contains ribosomes

Question 19

Definition of Archaea

Answer 19

Ancient modern organisms that live in a hostile environment

Question 20

Definition of bacteria

Answer 20

Living environments with humans
-Disease causes

Question 21

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 21

-Animalia: no cell wall, heterotrophic
-Fungi: cell wall, heterotrophic
-Plantae: cell wall, autotrophic
-Protista: multicellular

Question 22

Function of Nucleus

Answer 22

Stores, DNA and ribosomes

Question 23

Cell membrane

Answer 23

Made up of phospholipids

Question 24

Ribosomes

Answer 24

Protein synthesis

Question 25

Smooth ER

Answer 25

Hormone and lipid synthesis, and break down

Question 26

Rough ER

Answer 26

Make proteins

Question 27

Golgi apparatus

Answer 27

Modifies and transports proteins -Also adds carbohydrates

Question 28

Lysosomes

Answer 28

Digest and recycle

Question 29

Vacuoles

Answer 29

Stores water, nutrients, and waste

Question 30

Cell wall

Answer 30

Protection and support

Question 31

Mitochondria

Answer 31

Produces ATP

Question 32

Chloroplasts

Answer 32

Found in plants -Produces ATP

Question 33

Cytoskeleton

Answer 33

Strong and flexible -Helps cells move

Question 34

Microtubules

Answer 34

Give structure to Cell’s

Question 35

Cilia and flagella

Answer 35

To move things

Question 36

Is a cell wall in all cells

Answer 36

False

Question 37

Characteristics of cell walls

Answer 37

-cell envelope -structure and shape -Made of carbohydrates (sugars)