Microbial Metabolism

Question 1

Microbes

Answer 1

Energy and building materials
- grow and reproduce

Question 2

Metabolic reactions

Answer 2

• endothermic: absorbs energy
• exothermic: releases energy (takes longer)
• lowering the activation energy allows many chemical reactions

Question 3

Catalysts

Answer 3

Proteins serve as biological catalysts
- most enzymes are proteins
- active site: pocket where reactions occurs and fits
— very specific, only binding to specific molecule

Question 4

Microbial products

Answer 4

Cleaning supplies, biofuels, pharmaceuticals, feed

Question 5

Enzyme environment

Answer 5

Turnover, optimum, inhibition
- turnover #: total # of substrate molecules processed by an enzyme over 1- minute
• 10^3-10^16x faster than un-catalyzed rxns

Question 6

Optima

Answer 6

Temp, pH, concentration

Question 7

Optima temp

Answer 7

Temp that Max turnover rates achieved
- alters molecule in motion/ structure
- temp is lower than optimum= rxn slows
- temp higher= proteins denature

Question 8

Optimum pH

Answer 8

pH at max: turnover rate achieved
- pH influences the shape of an enzyme due to its charge
- best functions at 7.0pH

Question 9

PH of stomach

Answer 9

1-2 pH

Question 10

PH of liver

Answer 10

9-10 pH

Question 11

Biological impact: control process

Answer 11

Coordination and regulation

Question 12

Coordination of enzymes

Answer 12

Making proper enzymes in the proper sequence and time
- enzyme need to be in the right order

Question 13

Regulation of enzyme

Answer 13

Right amount of enzyme at proper concentration

Question 14

Homeostasis of enzyme

Answer 14

Slow down production and protein molecules
- made when necessary

Question 15

Fast methods of enzymes

Answer 15

Inhibition
- inhibitor: molecule attached to enzyme and interferes with ability to do its job

Question 16

Types of inhibition

Answer 16

-Product
- competitive
- allosteric

Question 17

Product inhibition

Answer 17

Clogs active cite
(Reduces turnover)

Question 18

Competitive inhibition

Answer 18

Differentiate substances to prevent binding

Question 19

Allosteric inhibition

Answer 19

Changes shape of active site and Honda to another site

Question 20

Anabolism

Answer 20

Building materials/ polymers to form energy ATP

Question 21

Catabolism

Answer 21

Break down materials/ polymers to make energy + heat

Question 22

Function of metabolism of enzymes

Answer 22

• chemical and mechanical energy
• transport

Question 23

Glycolysis

Answer 23

Making ATP
- fermentation
- respiration

Question 24

Glycolysis: fermentation

Answer 24

Breads and yeasts

Question 25

Glycolysis: respiration

Answer 25

Krebs cycle, electron transport chain

Question 26

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 26

ATP synthase

Question 27

Info of glycolysis

Answer 27

Location: cytoplasm Products: 2 units of 3 carbs each, pyruvic acid -4 ATP - 2 NADH

Question 28

What are alternative catabolic pathways?

Answer 28

-fermentation -Respiration -Aerobic -Anaerobic

Question 29

Fat catabolism

Answer 29

-modify and stick in glycolysis and Krebs cycle -protein catabolism -Krebs cycle -Proteins broken down by proteases

Question 30

Anabolism with catabolism

Answer 30

-dehydration synthesis: make polymers -Biosynthesis: build up of small molecules into larger molecules.* energy is required*

Question 31

Chloroplast

Answer 31

•Triple membrane: -Consisting of the outer and inner membrane , thylakoid

Question 32

Energy

Answer 32

Light rxns: reduce NADH and make ATP Dark rxns: make food for plants

Question 33

Light reactions

Answer 33

-produce energy, using ETC and chlorophyll -where: thylakoids • reactants: light, H2O, NAHP+ • products: O2, NADPH, ATP

Question 34

Oxygenic

Answer 34

Algae, green plants, cyanobacteria

Question 35

Anoxygenic

Answer 35

Archaea, other bacteria

Question 36

Dark RXN

Answer 36

-produce food for organisms -where: stroma •reactants: NADPH, ATP, CO2 • products: NADP+, glucose