lymphatic system

Question 1

3 primary functions of LS

Answer 1

1) drain excess interstitial fluid
2) transport dietary lipids
3) Carry out immune response

Question 2

name 4 components of LS

Answer 2

lymph
lymph vessels
lymph nodes
lymph nodules
tonsils
thymus gland
spleen
red bone marrow

Question 3

what is the scientific name given to lymph found in the digestive system

Answer 3

chyle

Question 4

describe appearance of lymph compared to chyle

Answer 4

lymph= clear pale yellow
chyle= milky

Question 5

give and describe 4 stages of lymph formation and cycle

Answer 5

1. components of plasma forced out of capillary into interstitial space
2. fluid now in interstitial space named interstitial fluid
3. lower pressure within lymph capillary causes interstitial fluid to drain in
4. interstitial fluid now inside lymph capillary and called lymph, travels towards lymph vessel due to lower pressure therefore travels down concentration gradient.

Question 6

name 2 differences between veins and lymph vessels

Answer 6

lymph vessels have thinner walls and more valves

Question 7

2 control factors of lymph flow rate

Answer 7

skeletal muscle pump
respiratory pump

Question 8

name 5 lymphatic trunks

Answer 8

1. lumbar trunk
2. intestinal trunk
3. bronchomediastinal trunk
4. subclavian trunk
5. jugular trunk

Question 9

give 3 main drainages from the lumbar trunk

Answer 9

lower limbs
pelvis
kidneys
adrenal glands
abdominal wall

Question 10

give 3 main drainages from intestinal trunk

Answer 10

stomach
intestines
pancreas
spleen
parts of liver

Question 11

give 3 main drainages from bronchomediastinal trunk

Answer 11

thoracic wall
heart
lungs

Question 12

give main place of drainage from subclavian trunk

Answer 12

upper limbs

Question 13

give main place of drainage from jugular trunk

Answer 13

head & neck

Question 14

what are cisterna chyli

Answer 14

swollen looking lymph vessels found in intestinal and lumbar trunks

Question 15

where are cisterna chyli located in relation to the spine

Answer 15

anterior to L2

Question 16

name the 2 main lymph ducts

Answer 16

thoracic (Left) lymphatic duct
right lymphatic duct

Question 17

name the veins lymph uses from ducts to reenter bloodstream

Answer 17

left subclavian vein and right subclavian vein

Question 18

name the main duct within the body

Answer 18

thoracic lymphatic duct

Question 19

name 3 areas thoracic duct receives from

Answer 19

entire body inferior to ribs
left head
left neck
left chest
left upper limbs

Question 20

name area right lymphatic duct recieves from

Answer 20

right upper b0dy

Question 21

name the pathway taken by lymph once it has entered the lymph capillaries

Answer 21

1.lymph capillaries
2. afferent lymph vessels
3. lymph node
4. efferent lymph vessel
5. lymphatic trunk
6. two collecting ducts
7.subclavian vein
8. bloodstream

Question 22

name 2 groups of lymphatic organs and tissue

Answer 22

1. primary lymphatic organ
2. secondary lymphatic organ

Question 23

what is the primary lymphatic organ group and give 2 examples

Answer 23

site where stem cells divide and become immunocompetent
1. red bone marrow
2.thymus

Question 24

what are secondary lymphatic organs and give 2 examples

Answer 24

sites where most immune responses occur
1. Lymph nodes
2. Spleen

Question 25

describe lymph nodes

Answer 25

encapsulated bean shaped organs consisting of bases of B and T cells

Question 26

name the 2 tissues found within lymph nodes

Answer 26

1. superficial cortex 2. deep seated medulla

Question 27

name the outer layer of lymph nodes

Answer 27

outer fibrous capsule

Question 28

name the 4 main areas of lymph nodes and where they're located and what they filter

Answer 28

1. cervical- neck (filter H&N) 2. axillary - armpit (filter breast &arms) 3. inguinal - groin (filter lower limbs and external genital organs) 4. mesenteric- abdo peritoneum (filter abdo cavity)

Question 29

give function of lymph nodes

Answer 29

filter - filters lymph then returns it back into the vessels

Question 30

what is biological filtration in the LNs

Answer 30

foreign bodies being trapped by reticular then phagocytise by macrophages

Question 31

what are lymphatic nodules

Answer 31

mucosa associate lymphoid tissue (MALT) that is a diffusion of lymphoid tissue

Question 32

give 3 sites to find lymph nodules

Answer 32

gastrointestinal tract thyroid breast eye lung salivary gland

Question 33

name the 5 tonsils found in body and where

Answer 33

1. 2X lingual - posterior root of tongue, near pharynx 2. 2X palatine - posterior of mouth, near pharynx 3. 1X pharyngeal (adenoid) - posterior of nasal. cavity near nasopharynx

Question 34

what are peyers patches

Answer 34

small masses of lymphatic tissue found in ileum of small intestine

Question 35

role of peyers patches

Answer 35

contain T & B cells monitory contents of intestine for pathogens

Question 36

where is spleen located

Answer 36

between funds of stomach and diaphragm

Question 37

name outer layer of spleen

Answer 37

outer capsule

Question 38

name inner layer of spleen and the 2 different pulps within

Answer 38

inner fibre-elastic tissue red pulp white pulp

Question 39

role of white pulp

Answer 39

lymphocyte production site

Question 40

role of red pulp

Answer 40

filters blood

Question 41

what does lymphadenopathy mean

Answer 41

enlarged lymph nodes

Question 42

cause of lymphadenopathy

Answer 42

malignancy autoimmune disease infection

Question 43

give 3 functions of spleen

Answer 43

1. phagocytosis 2. store and release blood in times of demand (haemorrhage ) 3. b-cell proliferation into plasma cells

Question 44

one function spleen does not do

Answer 44

FILTER LYMPH

Question 45

can spleen be removed

Answer 45

yes- liver and bone marrow compensate for loss

Question 46

where is thymus located

Answer 46

mediastinum between sternum and aorta inferior to thyroid gland and posterior to sternum

Question 47

what bilobed organ decreases in size after puberty

Answer 47

thymus

Question 48

role of thymus

Answer 48

T cell maturity

Question 49

term used for fluid build up causing swelling

Answer 49

lymphodema