Lymphatic System Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
What are the 3 functions of the lyphatic system?
A
- Drain excess interstitial fluid
- Transport diatary lipids
- Carry out immune responses
2
Q
How does the lymphatic system carry out immune responses?
A
By producing an ddirecting lymphocytes
3
Q
What are the various types of transports of the lymphatic system?
A
- Lymphatic capillaries
- Lymphatic vessels
- Lymphatic trunks
- Lymphatic ducts
4
Q
What percentage of fluid is reabsorbed back into the blood?
A
85%
5
Q
Where does the other 15% of fluid that was not reabsorbed go?
A
Goes into the lymphatic vessels and ultimately into the bloodstream
6
Q
T/F
Lymphatic capillaries have greater permeability than blood capillaries.
A
True
7
Q
Which capillaries are smaller in diameter; blood capillaries or lymphatic capillaries
A
Blood capillaries
8
Q
T/F
Lymphatic capillaries are closed on both ends.
A
False; lymphatic capillaries are closed at one end
9
Q
T/F
Lymphatic capillaries only allow fluid to come in, but not out.
A
True
10
Q
What type of filaments are attached to the lymphatic capillaries?
A
Anchoring filaments attach to lymphatic capillaries that attach to the surrounding tissues
11
Q
What are lacteals?
A
Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine
12
Q
Label 1-3
A
- Lymph
- Endothelium of lymphatic capillary
- Anchoring filament
13
Q
What is number one showing?
A
A lacteal
14
Q
What do lymphatic capllaries unite to form?
A
The unite to form lymphatic vessels
15
Q
T/F
Lymphatic vessels resemble small veins.
A
True
16
Q
T/F
Lymphatic vessles have more valves and thinner walls than veins.
A
True
17
Q
What structures are located along the vessels?
A
Lymph nodes
18
Q
T/F
In the viscera, lymphatic vessles follow the same route as the arteries.
A
True
19
Q
T/F
In the skin, lymphatic vessels follow the same route as veins.
A
True
20
Q
What are the 5 lymphatic trunks of the body?
A
- Lumbar (2)
- Intestinal (1)
- Bronchomediastinal (2)
- Subclavian (2)
- Jugular (2)
21
Q
Where does lymph travel from in the lumbar tunks?
A
- Lower limbs
- Pelvis
- Kidneys
- Adrenal glands
- Abdominal wall
22
Q
T/F
The intestinal trunk is the only lymphatic trunk that is unpaired.
A
True
23
Q
Where does lymph travel from in the intestinal trunk?
A
Stomach, spleen, intestines, pancreas, liver
24
Q
Where does lymph travel from in the bronchomediastinal trunks?
A
Thoracic wall, lungs, heart
25
Where does lymph travel from in the subclavian trunks?
Upper limbs
26
Where does lymph travel from in the jugular tunks?
Head and neck
27
# T/F
The femoral trunk of the lymphatic system is a good area for acessing the lymphatic vessels of the body.
False; there is no femoral trunk in the body
28
Label 1-2
1. Right lumbar trunk
2. Left lumbar trunk
29
**What are the 2 ducts that the lymphatic trunks drain into?**
1. Thoracic duct
2. Right lymphatic duct
30
What trunks drain into the thoracic duct?
1. R and L lumbar trunk
2. L subclavian
3. Intestinal
4. L bronchomediastinal
31
Label 1-2
1. Area drained by right lymphatic duct
2. Area drained by thoracic duct
32
How long is the thoracic duct?
15-18 inches long (38-45 cm)
33
**Where does the thoracic duct drain lymph into?**
Drains into venous blood at the function of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins
34
What is another name for the thoracic duct?
Cisterna Chyli
35
Where does the thoracic duct begin in relation to a vertebral level?
Anterior to L2
36
How long is the right lymphatic duct?
0.5 inches long
37
Where does the right lymphatic duct recieve lymph from?
1. Right jugular
2. Right subclavian
3. Right bronchomediastinal trunks
38
**Where does the right lymphatic trunk drain lymph into?**
Drains into venous blood at the junction of the right internal jugular and subclavian veins
39
Label 1-6
1. Right internal jugular vein
2. Right lymphatic duct
3. SVC
4. Left internal jugular vein
5. Left subclavian trunk
6. Left brachiocephalic vein
40
Label 1-6
1. Right jugular trunk
2. Right brachiocephalic vein
3. Right bronchomediastinal trunk
4. Left jugular trunk
5. Left subclavian vein
6. Left bronchomediastinal trunk
41
What is the return of lymph aided by?
1. Skeletal muscle pump
2. Respiratory pump
3. Valves
42
What is the way that the lymphatic organs are divided?
By function
43
# T/F
The flow of lymph is adided by the heart.
False; the heart does not assist in the flow of lymph
44
What are the 2 types of lymphatic organs?
1. Primary lymphatic organs
2. Secondary lymphatic organs
45
What are 2 examples of primary lymphatic organs?
1. Thymus
2. Red bone marrow
46
In primary lymphatic organs, are stem cells able to divide and provide an immune response?
Yes
47
What bones produce red bone marrow?
1. Trabecular bone
2. Bone at the proximal end of femur and humerous
3. Spine
4. Dipole
48
**Where are B and pre-T lymphocytes formed?**
In the red bone marrow
49
Where are the T lymphocytes located prior to becoming immunocompetent?
In the thymus
50
Where is the thymus located?
Between the sternum and aorta
51
# T/F
The thymus has both endocrine and lymphatic functions.
True
52
When is the thymus most activated in the body?
In neonates and pre-adolescents
53
Label 1
Thymus
54
What is being shown here?
The thymus on an infant. This is normal that the thymus is large.
55
In what catagory of organs do most immune responses occur?
In secondary lymphatic organs/tissues
56
What type of structures are considered to be secondary lymphatic organs/tissues?
1. Lymph nodes
2. Spleen
3. LYmphatic nodules or follicles
57
Approx. how many lymph nodes are in the human body?
600
58
What is the **main** function of the lymph nodes?
To act as a filter
59
What is the main function of the lymphocytes?
Destroy foreign bodies by immune response
60
What is the main function of macrophages?
To trap and destroy foriegn bodies
61
What are the 6 types of lymph nodes in the body?
1. Cervical
2. Axillary
3. Thoracic
4. Abdominal
5. Pelvic
6. Inguinal
62
Where are the largest groups of lymph nodes located in the body?
Mammary area, axillary and groin areas
63
What is the single largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body?
The spleen
64
What does the spleen store?
1. Iron from recycled RBCs
2. Plateletes (1/3 of bodies supply)
65
**What is the most important function of the spleen?**
Initiates an immune response by B and T cells
66
What organ produces blood cells in a fetus?
The spleen
67
# T/F
The spleen removes an abnormal blood cells.
True
68
What process gets rid of abnormal blood cells in the spleen?
Phagocytosis
69
**Where is the spleen located?**
On the left side of the body, posterolateral to the stomach
70
What is outlined in red?
The spleen
71
# T/F
Lymphatic nodules are considered to be lymphatic tissue.
True
72
What does MALT stand for?
Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue
73
Where is MALT located within the body?
-In mucosa associated lymphatic tissue (mucous membranes of GI, urinary, reproductive tracts and respiratory airways)
74
What are the 3 MALT tonsils?
1. Palintine tonsils
2. Pharyngeal tonsil
3. Lingual tonsil
75
What type of tissue are the peyers patches?
MALT
76
What are the two forms of immunity that the body has?
1. Innate immunity
2. Adaptive immunity
77
# T/F
Innate imunity is non specific.
True
78
What is the first line of defense for the innate immune response?
Intact skin and muscus membranes
79
What is the second line of defence for the innate immune system?
Activates:
1. NKC
2. Phagocytes
3. Inflammation
4. Fever
80
What percentage does natural killer cells make up of lymphocytes?
5-10% of lymphocytes
81
Where are NKC produced?
1. RBM
2. Spleen
3. Lymph nodes
82
What do NKC kill?
1. Infected cells
2. Tumour cells
3. Viruses
4. Abnormal cells
83
# T/F
NKC do not need prior exposure or activation to kill infected cells.
True
84
What are the 2 types of phagocytes?
1. Neutrophils
2. Macrophages
85
What are the 3 functions of the phagocytes?
Ingest microbes or cellular debris that produces pus
86
What reaction are phagocytes mostly responsible for?
Most inflammatory reactions
87
Define inflammation:
Non-specific response to tissue damage
88
What are the signs of inflammation?
1. Pain
2. Redness
3. Immobility
4. Heat
5. Swelling
89
What is a fever a result of?
Infection or inflammation
90
Where are B lymphocytes produced?
In the bone marrow
91
What do the B lymphocytes produce?
-Antiboides in response to specific antigens
-Memory cells to remember that specific antigen
92
Where do T lymphocytes mature?
In the thymus
93
Where are precurser T lymphocytes produced?
Precursor cells produced in the bone marrow
94
What do the T lymphocytes produce?
1. Helper T cell (CD4 T cell)
2. Cytotoxic T cell (CD8 T cell)
3. Memory cells
95
What is the function of the T cells?
Kill infected cells, tumour cells, viruses or abnormal cells
96
Anything foreign that is recognized is called what?
An antigen
97
What lymphocytes are part of adaptive immunity?
B and T lymphocytes
98
# T/F
Vaccinations are a way to acquire adaptive immunity.
True
