Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology 2 > Spinal Cord-Nervous system part 2 > Flashcards

Spinal Cord-Nervous system part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the spinal cord start and end?

A

-Continues from the medulla oblongata (foramen magnum) to the conus medullaris (at the disc betweeen L1 and L2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the cervical enlargement start and end?

A

From C4-T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the lumbar enlargment start and end?

A

From T9-T12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the filum terminale arise from?

A

Arises from the conus medullaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the Filum terminale?

A

Anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or false?

The spinal cord contans the major reflex center.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 4 different plexuses of the spinal cord?

A
  1. Cervical plexus
  2. Brachial plexus
  3. Lumbar plexus
  4. Sacral plexus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the white matter?

A

High speed travel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the gray matter?

A

Descion making

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Label 1-3

A

1=Spinal cord
2=Conus medullaris (tip of spinal cord)
3=CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or false?

The spinal cord is completly surrounded by the vertebra?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 forms of protection that the spinal cord has?

A
  1. The vertebra
  2. Meninges
  3. Intervertebral discs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of CSF?

A

Acts as a shock absorber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the intervertebral discs?

A

Allows for compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or false?

The spinal meninges are continuous with the crainial menininges.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do the meninges extend to?

A

The level of S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges from deep to superficial?

A
  1. Pia mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Dura mater
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three spaces between the meninges?

A
  1. Epidural space
  2. Subdural space
  3. Subarachnoid space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is the epidural space located?

A

Between the dura mater and the vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is the subarachnoid space located?

A

Between the arachnoid and the pia maters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the subarachnoid space contain?

A

It contains CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If somone was in need of a sample test for menningitus, where would you draw the sample from? Why?

A

-From betweeen the spinous processees of L3/L4
-We do this so that we have no chance of hitting the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 2 types of meningitus?

A
  1. Bacterial
  2. Viral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why dont we take a sample from L4/L5?

A

Because at that level, there is a lot more tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where do spinal nerves exit?

A

The intervertebral foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How many spinal nerves are there in the;
1. Cervical level
2. Thoracic level
3. Lumbar level
4. Sacral level
5. Coccygeal

A
  1. C=8
  2. T=12
  3. L=5
  4. Sacral=5
  5. Coccygeal=1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

True of false?

All spinal cord segments are aligned with thier respective vertebra.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord end at?

A

L1/L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which spinal nerves exit to their respective vertebral foramina?

A

The roots of lumbar, sacral and coccygeal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which way does the root of the lumbar, sacral and coccygeal nerves descend?

A

On an angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

The spinal nerves located at the end of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the spinal nerves formed by?

A

2 roots from the spinal cord
1. Posterior (dorsal) root
2. Anterior (ventral) root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What system does the posterior (doral) root control?

A

Sensory

35
Q

What system does the anterior (ventral) root control?

A

Motor

36
Q

True or false?

All spinal nerves are mixed.

A

True

37
Q

What does the dorsal root contain?

A

Contains only axons of sensory neurons

38
Q

What does the dorsal root ganglion contain?

A

Cell bodies of sensory neurons

39
Q

Label 1-5

A
  1. Spinous process of verebra
  2. Subarachnoid space
  3. Dura and arachnoid mater
  4. Pia mater
  5. Epidural space
40
Q

What two fissures are located in the white matter?

A
  1. Anterior median fissure
  2. Posterior median fissure
41
Q

Label 1-10

A
42
Q

What are the 3 horns located in the grey matter?

A
  1. Posterior (dorsal) horn
  2. Lateral horn
  3. Anterior (ventral) horn
43
Q

What is the commissure?

A

The cross bar of “H”

44
Q

Where does the central canal extend?

A

The entire length of the spinal cord

45
Q

What is the central canal filled with?

A

CSF

46
Q

What does the posterior (dorsal) horn contain?

A
  1. Incoming sensory neurons
  2. Cell bodies and unmyelinated axons of interneurons
47
Q

What does the anterior (ventral) horn contain?

A
  1. Somatic motor nuclei
  2. Nerve impulses for contraction of skeletal muscles
48
Q

Where is the lateral horn located?

A

In T and L segments of the spine

49
Q

What does the lateral horn contain?

A
  1. Autonomic and enteric motor nuclei
  2. Clusters of cell bodies of motor neurons that regulate the heart, glands, smooth muscle
50
Q

How is the white matter divided?

A

By columns

51
Q

What are the 3 columbs of the white matter?

A
  1. Posterior (dorsal) column
  2. Lateral column
  3. Anterior (ventral) column
52
Q

What do each of the columns located in the white matter contain?

A

Tracts (bundles of axons in the CNS)

53
Q

True or false?

Sensory tracts are ascending.

A

True

54
Q

True or false?

Motor tracts are ascending.

A

False; descending

55
Q

True or false?

The lateral and anterior columns are ascending and descending.

A

True

56
Q

Label 1-10

A
57
Q

What do spinal nerves branch into aftr passing through the intervertebral foramina?

A

They branch into rami

58
Q

True or false?

The branches of the spinal nerves go directly to the area they supply.

A

FALSE; they do not go directly to the area that they supply; EXEPT for the intercoastal nerves T2-T12

59
Q

What do branches of the spinal nerves form?

A

They form networks called a plexus

60
Q

What are the 5 plexus’ of the body?

A
  1. Cervical
  2. Brachial
  3. Lumbar
  4. Sacral
  5. Coccygeal
61
Q

Where does the cervical plexus start and end?

A

From C1-C5

62
Q

What part of the body recieves nerves from the cervical plexus?

A

The head, neck, superior part of chest and shoulders

63
Q

Where do the phrenic nerves arise from?

A

The cervical plexus at the levels of C3, C4 and C5

64
Q

What is the function of the phrenic nerves?

A

They supply the motor neurons to the diaphragm

65
Q

What are the names of the muscels affected by the cervical plexus?

A
  1. Sternocliedomastoid
  2. Erector spinae
  3. Levator scapulae
66
Q

What is the brachial plexus formed by?

A

The anterior rami of C5-C8 and T1

67
Q

What are the major nerves supplied by the brachial plexus?

A
  1. Musculocutaneuous
  2. Axillary
  3. Radial
  4. Median
  5. Ulnar
  6. Long thoracic
68
Q

Where does the lumbar plexus arise from?

A

The roots from L1 to L4

69
Q

What part of the body does the lumbar plexus supply nerves to?

A
  1. Anterolateral abdominal wall
  2. External genitals
  3. Anterior part of lower limbs
70
Q

What are the major nerves supplied by the lumbar plexus?

A
  1. Femoral
  2. Obturator
  3. Saphenous
71
Q

Where does the sacral plexus arise from?

A

The roots of L4-S4

72
Q

What parts of the body does the sacral plexus supply nerves to?

A
  1. Buttocks
  2. Perineum (genitals)
  3. Posterior part of lower limbs
73
Q

What is the major nerve supplied by the sacral plexus?

A

The siatic nerve

74
Q

What does the sciatic nerve travel through, and what does it branch into?

A

-Travels through the greater sciatic notch
-Branches into tibial and common fibular nerves at the knee

75
Q

What is sensory stimuli from diaphragm often interpreted as?

A

Often interpreted as pain over shoulder and lower neck

76
Q

What nerve is responsible for the wrist drop?

A

The radial nerve

77
Q

What nerve is responsible for winging of the scapula?

A

The long thoracic nerve

78
Q

What are dermatomes?

A

-Areas of skin suppled by sensory neurons from a single spinal nerve
-Useful to determine neurologic levels

79
Q

What are the 3 different types of reflexes that the spinal cord is responsible for?

A
  1. Patellar reflex
  2. Pupillary light reflex
  3. Babinski sign
80
Q

What is the method of injury for this patient?

A

Spinal cord compressed due to extreme hyperflexion

81
Q

What projection is this and how would you best represent this?

A

It is an AP oblique 45 degree with a 15 degree cephlad angle

82
Q

What projection is this and how would you best represent this?

A

True lateral thoracic spine

83
Q

What projection is this and how would you best represent this?

A

True lateral lumbar spine

84
Q

What projection is this and how would you best represent this?

A

AP axial 15 degree cephlad angle of the sacrum

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions