Muscular System Flashcards
(155 cards)
1
Q
What are the 4 functions of the musclular system?
A
- Motion
- Movement of subtances within the body
- Stabalizing body position
- Thermogenesis
2
Q
What are the six ways that muscles are named?
A
- Direction fo muscle fibers
- Location
- Size
- Number of origins
- Action
- Origin and insertion
3
Q
What is this describing?
Site that does not move during the contraction. Typically more proximal.
A
The origin
4
Q
What is this describing?
The site that moves during the contraction. Typically more distal.
A
The insertion
5
Q
What is this describing?
When muscles contract, they shorten and pull on a bone
A
The action
6
Q
T/F
Most skeletal muscles are arranged in opposing or anatgonistic paris at joints.
A
True
7
Q
What is the function of the prime mover?
A
Causes the desired movement
8
Q
What is the function of the antagonist?
A
Causing opposing muscles to relax
9
Q
What is the function of the synergist?
A
Steadies a movement
10
Q
T/F
Muscles cross at least one joint.
A
True
11
Q
T/F
Muscles that surround a short bone, do not typically move that bone.
A
False; Muscles that surround a long bone typically do not move that bone
12
Q
What do the tendons connect?
A
Connect muscle to bones
13
Q
What is it called when teared muscle fibers are repaired and get larger?
A
Hypertrophy
14
Q
What do ligaments connect?
A
Connect bones to bones
15
Q
T/F
Muscles pull the insertion towards the origin in the direction of the fibers.
A
True
16
Q
What is the origin of the sternclenomastoid?
A
Manubrium and medial end of clavicle
17
Q
What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?
A
Mastroid process and superior nuchal line of occipital bone
18
Q
What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid singularily?
A
Laterally flexes the muscle to the same side and rotates the nose to the opposite side
19
Q
What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid when they work together?
A
They lift the chin (extend the neck)
20
Q
Label 1-5
A
- Trapezius
- Latissimus dorsi
- Rhomboid major
- Levator scapulae
- Teres major
21
Q
T/F
Teres major is a deep muscle
A
False; it is a superficial muscle
22
Q
What is 1?
A
Trapezius
23
Q
What is 2?
A
Lattisimus dorsi
24
Q
What is the arrow pointing to?
A
Levator scapula
25
What are the arrows pointing to?
The Rhomboids – Major and Minor
26
What is the arrow pointing to?
Teres Major
27
**What is the origin of the levator scapula?**
Trasnverse process of C1-C4
28
**What is insertion of the levator scapula?**
Medial, superior border of the scapula
29
**What is the origin of the rhomboids-major and minor?**
Spine C7-T5
30
**What is the insertion of the rhomboids major and minor?**
Medial or vertebral border of scapula
31
**What is the origin of the teres major?**
Posterior scapula at the inferiro angle
32
**What is the insertion of the Teres Major?**
Medial part of the bicipital groove
33
**What is the action of the teres major?**
Internally rotate the shoulder
34
**What is the insetion of the pectoralis major?**
Greater tubercle
35
What are the specific superifical back muscles?
1. Teres major
2. Pectoralis major
3. Deltoid
36
**What is the insertion of the deltoid?**
Deltoid tuberosity
37
**What is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?**
Coracoid process
38
What is the origin of the pectoralis minor?
Ribs 2-5
39
**What is the origin of the serratus anterior?**
Ribs 1-8
40
What is the insertion of the serratus anterior?
Medial border and inferior angle of scapula
41
What does serratus mean?
Saw toothed
42
What nerve is the serratus muscles innerated by?
The long thoracic nerve
43
What type of muscles act on the shoulder?
Superficial back muscles
44
What muscles extend the trunk and rotate the vertebral column?
Deep back muscles
45
What type of back muscles form the anterior wall of the abdomen and support the viscera?
Anterior trunk muscles
46
Where do superifical back muscles produce movement?
At the shoulder joint
47
**What are the three deep back muscles?**
The erector spinae muscles:
1. Iliocostalis
2. Longissimus
3. Spinalis
48
What is the largest muscle mass of the back?
The erector spinae
49
What is 1?
Illiocostalis
50
What is 1?
Longimuss
51
What is 1?
Spinalis
52
What direction does the erector spinae run?
Parellel to either side of the back
53
What is the primary muscle that is most important for maintaining the lumbar lordotic curve of the back?
The erector spinae
54
What is the action of the erector spinae?
1. Flexion
2. Lateral flexion
3. Rotation
| Of the back
55
Label A-C
A – Pectoralis Major
B – Deltoid
C – Pectoralis Minor
56
**What is the action of the external intercoastals?**
Elecate the ribs during inspiration (and expand the thorax)
57
**What is the action of the internal intercoastals?**
Draw the ribs together during forced expiration (Decreases the thoracic cavity)
58
**What is the action of the diaphragm?**
Contraction of the diaphragm causes it to flatten, increasing the dimension of the thoracic cavity resulting in inspiration
59
What are the 4 abdominal muscles?
1. External oblique
2. Internal oblique
3. Transversus Abdominis
4. Rectus abdominis
60
What does rectus mean?
Parrell to the midline
61
What does transverse mean?
Perpendicular to the midline
62
**Label A-J**
A – Serratus Anterior
B – Transversus Abdominis
C – Internal Oblique
D – External Oblique
E – Aponeurosis (means a tendon that is formed in a sheet)
F – Pectoralis Major
G – Linea Alba
H – Tendinous intersection
I – Rectus Abdominis
J – Inguinal ligament
63
What is the most important muscle for powering breathing?
The diaphragm
64
What are the 3 openings in the diaphram?
1. Aortic hiatus
2. Esophogeal hiatus
3. Caval hiatus
65
What structure passes through the caval hiatus? What verebral level is this at?
-The IVC
-At T8
66
What structure passes through the esophageal hiatus? What level?
-Esophagus and vagus nerve
-T10
67
What structures pass through the aortic hiatus? What level?
-Aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein
-T12
68
What are the right and left rectus abdominus separated by?
The linea alba
69
**What is the origin of the suprapinatus?**
Supraspinous fossa
70
**What is the origin of the teres minor?**
Lateral border of the scapula
71
**What is the origin of the infraspinatus?**
Infraspinous fossa
72
**What is the origin of the subscapularis?**
Subscapular fossa
73
**What is the origin of the long head of the biceps brachii?**
The superior part of the glenoid
74
**What is the origin of the short head of the biceps brachii?**
The coracoid process
75
**What is the origin of the brachialis?**
The distal anterior surface of the humerus
76
**What is the insertion of the supraspinatus?**
The greater tuberosity
77
**What is the insertion of the infraspinatus?**
The greater tuberosity
78
**What is the insertion of the teres minor?**
The greater tuberosity
79
**What is the insertion of the subscapularis?**
The lesser tuberosity
80
**What is the insertion of the Long head of the biceps brachii?**
The radial tuberosity
81
**What is the insertion of the short head of the biceps brachii?**
The radial tuberosity
82
**What is the insertion of the brachialis?**
The ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process
83
**What is the insertion of the Brachioradialis?**
Superior to radial styloid process
84
**What is the insertion of the long head of the triceps brachii?**
Olecranon
85
**What is the insertion of the short head of the triceps brachii?**
Olecranon
86
**What is the insertion of the medial head of the triceps brachii?**
Olecranon
87
# T/F
All those muscles that insert posterior to the scapula have an origin of the greater tuberosity.
False; All those muscles that insert posterior to the scapula have an INSERTION of the greater tuberosity.
88
**What is the most powerful flexor of the elbow joint?**
The brachialis
89
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
1. Supraspinatus
2. Infraspinatus
3. Teres minor
4. Subscapularis
90
What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?
To strengthen and stabilize the shoulder
91
What are the 3 forearm flexors?
1. The long head of the biceps brachii
2. The short head of the biceps brachii
3. The brachalis
92
What are the 3 forearm extensors?
1. The long head of the triceps brachii
2. The lateral head of hte biceps brachii
3. The medial head of the triceps brachii
93
**Label 1-5**
1. Supraspinatus
2. Subscapularis
3. Supraspinatus
4. Infraspinatus
5. Teres minor
94
**What pathology is being shown here?**
What does this result in?
-Torn supraspinatus mucle/tendon causing the humeral head to sit higher than normal
-Results in decreased range of motion
95
Label 1-3
1. Long head of the biceps brachii
2. Short head of the biceps brachii
3. Biceps brachii
96
Label 1-2
1. Brachialis
2. Brachioradialis
97
Label 1-3
1. Triceps brachii medius
2. Triceps brachii lateral
3. Triceps brachii longus
98
What is the function of the anterior compartment for the muscles of the forearm?
1. flexes wrist and fingers
2. pronation of forearm and hand
3. ulnar (adduct) and radial (abduct) deviation
99
**Where do all superficial muscles of the forearm in the anterior compartment originate?**
All originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus
100
**Where do all superficial muscles of the forearm in the anterior compartment insert?**
All insert on the carpals or metacarpals
101
What is the term used with medial epicondylitis caused by overuse of the muscles on the anterior side of the forearm?
Golfer’s Elbow
102
**Where do all superficial muscles of the forearm in the posterior compartment originate**
The lateral epicondyle of the humerus
103
**Where do all superficial muscles of the forearm in the posterior compartment insert?
All insert on the carpals or metacarpals
104
What is the term associated with lateral epicondylitis caused by overuse of the muscles on the posterior side of the forearm?
Tennis Elbow
105
# T/F
The posterior compartment of the forearm are the extensors of the hand and wrist.
True
106
What makes up the Iliopsoas Muscle?
The Psoas Major and the Iliacus
107
What is the action of the Iliopsoas Muscle?
Flexes, laterally rotates the hip
108
**What is the origin of the PSOAS major?**
T12
109
**What is the insertion of the Psoas Major?**
Lesser trochanter
110
**What is the insertion of the Iliacus?**
Lesser trochanter
111
**What muscles make up the Quadriceps Femoris?**
1. Rectus Femoris
2. Vastus Lateralis
3. Vastus Medialis
4. Vastus Intermedius
112
**Where do the Quadriceps Femoris insert?**
Tibial tuberosity
113
What is the action of the Sartorius?
Weakly flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates hip
114
**What is the origin of the Sartorius?**
ASIS
115
How do you demonstrate the sartorius?
45-degree RPO to dem. the side that is down
116
Label 1-5
1. Rectus femoris
2. Vastus lateralis
3. Vastus intermedius
4. Sartorius
5. Vastus medialis
117
What pathology is being shown here? What body position is this in?
-Torn Sartorius muscle
-LPO
118
What pathogy is being shown here?
Calcified muscle Myositis Ossificans
119
What is the action of the Medial Thigh Muscles?
Adduct the leg
120
**What is the origin of the adductors of the medial thigh muscles?**
Pubic Bone
121
**What is the insertion of the adductors of the medial thigh muscles?**
Linea aspera
122
**What group do the Medial Thigh Muscles form?**
The adductors
123
What are the muscles of the Gluteal Group?
Maximus
Medius
Minimus
124
**What is the origin of the gluteal group muscles?**
ilium
125
**What is the insertion of the gluteal group muscles?**
iliotibial tract and greater trochanter
126
Label 1-3
1. Gluteus minimus
2. Gluteus medius
3. Gluteus maxiumus
127
What are the muscles that make up the Hamstrings?
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
128
What are the functions of the hamstrings?
Flexion at the knee joint
Extension at the hip joint
129
# T/F
The hamstrings cross both the hip and knee joints.
True
130
**What is the origin of the long head of the Biceps Femoris?**
Ischial tuberosity
131
**What is the origin of the short head of the biceps femoris?**
The Linea aspera
132
**What is the origin of the Semitendinosus?**
Ischial tuberosity
133
What is the origin of the Semimembranosus?
Ischial tuberosity
134
What muscle group makes up the posterior thigh?
The Hamstrings
135
Label 1-4
1. Semitendinosis
2. Biceps femoris; long head
3. Semimembranosis
4. Biceps femoris; short head
136
Label 1-4
1. Semitendinosis
2. Semimembranosis
3. Gluteus maximus
4. Biceps femoris; short head
137
What are the four muscles that dorsiflex the foot?
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius
138
What action is the Anterior Compartment of Lower Leg responsible for?
Dorsiflexion of the foot
139
**What is the origin of the Tibialis Anterior?**
Lateral condyle of tibia and interosseous membrane
140
**What is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?**
Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
141
**What is the action of the tibialis anterior?**
Produces inversion AND dorsiflexion of the foot
142
What muscle is this?
Tibialis anterior
143
**What is the action of the Extensor Hallucis Longus?**
Extends big toe
144
**What is the action of the Extensor Digitorum Longus?**
Extends toes 2 to 5
145
What is 1 and 2?
1. Extensor Hallucis Longus
2. Extensor Digitorum Longus
146
What muscles are part of the Lateral (Fibular) Compartment of Lower Leg?
Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus
Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis
147
What are the Lateral (Fibular) Compartment of Lower Leg muscles responsible for?
Responsible for plantar flexion and eversion
148
Label 1&2
1. Fibularis longus
2. Fibularis brevis
149
Label 1-4
1. Tibialis posterior
2. Popliteus
3. Flexor digatorum longus
4. Flexor hallucis longus
150
What are the superficial muscles of the posterior lower leg?
1. Gastrocnemius
2. Soleus
151
What do the superficial muscles of the posterior lower leg join to form?
The Achilles tendon
152
What is the fabella and where is it found?
Sesamoid bone in the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle
153
Label 1 and 2
1. Gastronemius
2. Soleus
154
What are the four deep muscles of the posterior lower leg?
Popliteus (flexes knee only)
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
155
What is the function of the Posterior Compartment of Lower Leg?
Posterior muscles plantar flex the foot at the ankle joint
