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Anatomy and Physiology 2 > Reproductive system > Flashcards

Reproductive system Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 main structures of the female reproductive system?

A
  1. Ovaries
  2. Fallopian tubes
  3. Uterus
  4. Vagina
  5. Mammary glands
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2
Q

Where are the ovaries located?

A

Superior portion of the pelvic inlet, lateral to the uterus

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3
Q

What do the ovaries produce?

A
  1. Gametes
  2. Hormones
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4
Q

What hormones do the ovaries produce?

A
  1. Progesterone
  2. Estrogen
  3. Inhibin
  4. Relaxin
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5
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. Fallopian tube
  2. Fimbriea
  3. Ovary
  4. Uterus
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6
Q

What is oogenesis? When does it begin?

A

The formation of gametes, begins at during fetal development

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7
Q

T/F

Oogonia are haploid stem cells.

A

False; they are diploid stem cells

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8
Q

When do oogonia undergo mitosis?

A

During fetal development

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9
Q

What do oogonia develop into?

A

Larger cells called primary oocytes

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10
Q

How many oocytes are there in females on average?

A

400 000

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11
Q

When do primary oocytes begin meiosis?

A

During fetal development but do not complete it until after puberty

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12
Q

T/F

Most oogonia degenerate before birth.

A

True

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13
Q

What occurs if the mature follicle does not rupture and dischange the secondary oocyte?

A

Ovarian cysts

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14
Q

What is this describing?

Primary oocytes surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells

A

Primordial follicle

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15
Q

What is the function of FSH and LH after puberty until menopause?

A

Stimulates the development of several primordial follicles

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16
Q

Before maturation, what phases does the primary oocyte complete, and what does it form?

A

-Completes meiosis 1
-Forms 2 haploid structures (first polar body and secondary oocyte)

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17
Q

T\F

Typically only 1 primary oocyte reaches maturity

A

True

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18
Q

If a sperm cell joins with the secondary oocyte, what is formed?

A

A zygote

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19
Q

What does it mean if more than 1 primary oocyte reaches maturity?

A

Possibility of having fraternal twins

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20
Q

How many secondary oocytes are produced by each oogonium/primary oocyte?

A

1 secondary oocyte

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21
Q

When the egg is released from the ovary, what helps it get into the fallopian tube?

A

The frimbrea

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21
Q

Pictures for understanding

A
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22
Q

How long is the fallopian tube?

A

4 inches/10cm long

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23
Q

Where does fertilization ussually occur?

A

Within the fallopian tubes

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24
How long does it take for the zygote to arrive to the uterus?
6-7 days
25
What is the site of implantation of the fertiized ovum?
The uterus
26
What is the normal position of the uterus
Anteflexion position over the uterus
27
What is anteflexion?
Forward flexion
28
# T\F If you saw contrast spillage from the fallopian tubes, you would know that they are not blocked.
True
29
Is this sheilding okay for pelvis imaging?
Yes
30
Is this sheilding okay for pelvis imaging?
Yes
31
Is this sheilding okay for pelvis imaging?
No
32
What are the 4 main structures of the male reproductive system?
1. Testes 2. Accesory glands (prostate, seminal vesicles) 3. Seminiferous tubules 4. Penis
33
What is the scrotum?
The sac that contains testicles
34
What do the testes produce?
1. Sperm 2. Hormones
35
Where do the testes develop? When do they end up?
-Develop near the kidneys and descendinginto the scrotum through inguinal canals.
36
Why do testes need to be kept outside of the body?
Normal sperm production requires 2-3 degrees below core body temp
37
What is an inguinal hernia?
The bowel pushing through the opening of the scrotum
38
How long does spermatogenesis take and when does it begin?
-Takes 65-70 days -Begins at puberty
39
What are the male stem cells? Are they haploid or diploid?
-The spermatogonia -Haploid
40
What is the process of spermatogenesis?
1. Spermatogonia undergo mitosis to form primary spermatocytes 2. Primary undergo meiosis 1 to form secondary 3. Secondary undergo meiosis 2 to form 4 haploid spermatids 4. Spermatids undergo spermiogenesis to form 4 sperm cells
41
Where does spermatogenesis (formation) occur?
In the seminiferous tubules of the testes
42
Where does maturation of the sperm occur?
In the epididymis
43
What stores the matured sperm?
The epididymis
44
What is a vasectomy?
Cutting of the vas deference
45
Where does the vas deferens begin and where does it terminate?
Begins: At the tail of epididymis Ends: At the ejaculatory duct
46
How long is the vas deferens?
45 cm long
47
What is the ejaculatory duct formed by?
The union of the vas deferens and the duct from the seminal vesicles
48
What are the 3 parts of the urethra?
1. Prostatic 2. Membranous 3. Spongy
49
# T/F The urethra is a common passageway for sperm and urine.
True
50
What do the seminal vesicles secrete? What is the function of this substance?
-An alkaline, viscous fluid -Function is to neutralize the acidic urethra and female reproductive tract
51
What percentage of the alkaline viscous fluid makes up the volume of semen?
60% of the volume of semen
52
Where is the protate located?
INferior to the bladder surrounding the prostatic urethra
53
When does the prostate stop growing?
At around age 30
54
What does the prostate secrete and what is this substance's function?
-Secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid -This contributes to sperm motility and viability
55
What percentage of the fluids from the prostate makes up the volume of semen?
25% of semen
56
What do the bulbourethral glands secrete?
An alkaline fluid into the spongy urethra
57
What is the function of the fluid that comes from the bulbourethral glands?
Neutralizes the acidic urethra and lubricates the lining of the urethra and teh end of the penis
58
What percentage of the fluid from the bulbourethral glands makes up the volume of semen?
15% of semen
59
# T/F Semen is a mixture of sperm and seminal fluids.
True
60
# T/F Semen has an acidic pH
False; Semen has an alkaline pH
61
How much sperm on average is contained within a typical ejaculation?
50-150 million sperm/mL

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (12 decks)

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