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Anatomy and Physiology 2 > Reproductive system > Flashcards

Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 main structures of the female reproductive system?

A
  1. Ovaries
  2. Fallopian tubes
  3. Uterus
  4. Vagina
  5. Mammary glands
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2
Q

Where are the ovaries located?

A

Superior portion of the pelvic inlet, lateral to the uterus

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3
Q

What do the ovaries produce?

A
  1. Gametes
  2. Hormones
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4
Q

What hormones do the ovaries produce?

A
  1. Progesterone
  2. Estrogen
  3. Inhibin
  4. Relaxin
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5
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. Fallopian tube
  2. Fimbriea
  3. Ovary
  4. Uterus
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6
Q

What is oogenesis? When does it begin?

A

The formation of gametes, begins at during fetal development

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7
Q

T/F

Oogonia are haploid stem cells.

A

False; they are diploid stem cells

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8
Q

When do oogonia undergo mitosis?

A

During fetal development

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9
Q

What do oogonia develop into?

A

Larger cells called primary oocytes

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10
Q

How many oocytes are there in females on average?

A

400 000

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11
Q

When do primary oocytes begin meiosis?

A

During fetal development but do not complete it until after puberty

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12
Q

T/F

Most oogonia degenerate before birth.

A

True

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13
Q

What occurs if the mature follicle does not rupture and dischange the secondary oocyte?

A

Ovarian cysts

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14
Q

What is this describing?

Primary oocytes surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells

A

Primordial follicle

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15
Q

What is the function of FSH and LH after puberty until menopause?

A

Stimulates the development of several primordial follicles

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16
Q

Before maturation, what phases does the primary oocyte complete, and what does it form?

A

-Completes meiosis 1
-Forms 2 haploid structures (first polar body and secondary oocyte)

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17
Q

T\F

Typically only 1 primary oocyte reaches maturity

A

True

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18
Q

If a sperm cell joins with the secondary oocyte, what is formed?

A

A zygote

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19
Q

What does it mean if more than 1 primary oocyte reaches maturity?

A

Possibility of having fraternal twins

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20
Q

How many secondary oocytes are produced by each oogonium/primary oocyte?

A

1 secondary oocyte

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21
Q

When the egg is released from the ovary, what helps it get into the fallopian tube?

A

The frimbrea

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21
Q

Pictures for understanding

A
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22
Q

How long is the fallopian tube?

A

4 inches/10cm long

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23
Q

Where does fertilization ussually occur?

A

Within the fallopian tubes

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24
Q

How long does it take for the zygote to arrive to the uterus?

A

6-7 days

25
Q

What is the site of implantation of the fertiized ovum?

A

The uterus

26
Q

What is the normal position of the uterus

A

Anteflexion position over the uterus

27
Q

What is anteflexion?

A

Forward flexion

28
Q

T\F

If you saw contrast spillage from the fallopian tubes, you would know that they are not blocked.

A

True

29
Q

Is this sheilding okay for pelvis imaging?

A

Yes

30
Q

Is this sheilding okay for pelvis imaging?

A

Yes

31
Q

Is this sheilding okay for pelvis imaging?

A

No

32
Q

What are the 4 main structures of the male reproductive system?

A
  1. Testes
  2. Accesory glands (prostate, seminal vesicles)
  3. Seminiferous tubules
  4. Penis
33
Q

What is the scrotum?

A

The sac that contains testicles

34
Q

What do the testes produce?

A
  1. Sperm
  2. Hormones
35
Q

Where do the testes develop? When do they end up?

A

-Develop near the kidneys and descendinginto the scrotum through inguinal canals.

36
Q

Why do testes need to be kept outside of the body?

A

Normal sperm production requires 2-3 degrees below core body temp

37
Q

What is an inguinal hernia?

A

The bowel pushing through the opening of the scrotum

38
Q

How long does spermatogenesis take and when does it begin?

A

-Takes 65-70 days
-Begins at puberty

39
Q

What are the male stem cells? Are they haploid or diploid?

A

-The spermatogonia
-Haploid

40
Q

What is the process of spermatogenesis?

A
  1. Spermatogonia undergo mitosis to form primary spermatocytes
  2. Primary undergo meiosis 1 to form secondary
  3. Secondary undergo meiosis 2 to form 4 haploid spermatids
  4. Spermatids undergo spermiogenesis to form 4 sperm cells
41
Q

Where does spermatogenesis (formation) occur?

A

In the seminiferous tubules of the testes

42
Q

Where does maturation of the sperm occur?

A

In the epididymis

43
Q

What stores the matured sperm?

A

The epididymis

44
Q

What is a vasectomy?

A

Cutting of the vas deference

45
Q

Where does the vas deferens begin and where does it terminate?

A

Begins: At the tail of epididymis
Ends: At the ejaculatory duct

46
Q

How long is the vas deferens?

A

45 cm long

47
Q

What is the ejaculatory duct formed by?

A

The union of the vas deferens and the duct from the seminal vesicles

48
Q

What are the 3 parts of the urethra?

A
  1. Prostatic
  2. Membranous
  3. Spongy
49
Q

T/F

The urethra is a common passageway for sperm and urine.

A

True

50
Q

What do the seminal vesicles secrete? What is the function of this substance?

A

-An alkaline, viscous fluid
-Function is to neutralize the acidic urethra and female reproductive tract

51
Q

What percentage of the alkaline viscous fluid makes up the volume of semen?

A

60% of the volume of semen

52
Q

Where is the protate located?

A

INferior to the bladder surrounding the prostatic urethra

53
Q

When does the prostate stop growing?

A

At around age 30

54
Q

What does the prostate secrete and what is this substance’s function?

A

-Secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid
-This contributes to sperm motility and viability

55
Q

What percentage of the fluids from the prostate makes up the volume of semen?

A

25% of semen

56
Q

What do the bulbourethral glands secrete?

A

An alkaline fluid into the spongy urethra

57
Q

What is the function of the fluid that comes from the bulbourethral glands?

A

Neutralizes the acidic urethra and lubricates the lining of the urethra and teh end of the penis

58
Q

What percentage of the fluid from the bulbourethral glands makes up the volume of semen?

A

15% of semen

59
Q

T/F

Semen is a mixture of sperm and seminal fluids.

A

True

60
Q

T/F

Semen has an acidic pH

A

False; Semen has an alkaline pH

61
Q

How much sperm on average is contained within a typical ejaculation?

A

50-150 million sperm/mL

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (12 decks)

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