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Anatomy and Physiology > Lymphatic System (capillaries, vessels, and organs) > Flashcards

Lymphatic System (capillaries, vessels, and organs) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. Maintains fluid balance in tissues
  2. Absorbs lipids from small intestine/digestive tract
  3. Defends the body against microorganisms and other foreign substance
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2
Q

Lymphatic vessels carry _____ away from ______.

A

lymph; tissues

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3
Q

Lymphatic capillaries lack a _____ and have loosely _______ ______ cells.

A

basement membrane; overlapping epithelial

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4
Q

Lymphatic capillaries join to form __________.

A

lymphatic vessels

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5
Q

Lymphatic vessels have _______ that ensure a _______ flow of
_________.

A

valves; one-way; lymph

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6
Q

What causes the lymph to move?

A
  1. Contraction of lymphatic vessel smooth muscle
  2. Contraction of skeletal muscle
  3. Thoracic pressure changes
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7
Q

Lymph moves through vessels by the ________ of the skeletal muscles and pressure changes created by respiration

A

“milking action”

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8
Q

Lymphatic capillaries are ________ tubes in which adjacent _______ cells _____ each other, forming _________.

A

blind-ended; endothelial; overlap; flaplike minivalves

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9
Q

Lymph nodes are found along the ________.

A

lymphatic vessel

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10
Q

After passing through the lymph nodes, the lymphatic vessels
converge to form larger vessels called ___________.

A

lymphatic trunks

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11
Q

drains lymph from a major portion of the body

A

lymphatic trunk

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12
Q

The lymphatic trunks either connect to large veins in the thorax or join to yet larger vessels called

A

lymphatic duct

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13
Q

The two lymphatic ducts

A

right lymphatic duct & thoracic duct

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14
Q

The largest lymphatic vessel is the ________.

A

thoracic duct

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15
Q

drains lymph from the right side of the body inferior to the thorax and the entire left side of the body

A

thoracic duct

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16
Q

drains lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body

A

right lymphatic duct

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17
Q

the lymphatic trunks form a sac called the _______, a sac that joins the inferior end of the thoracic duct

A

cisterna chyli

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18
Q

Lymphatic trunks and ducts empty into the blood at ________.

A

thoracic veins

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19
Q

Lymphatic tissue is ________ tissue that contains lymphocytes and other cells.

A

reticular connective

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20
Q

Areas where lymphatic tissue are concentrated

A

lymphatic/lymphoid organs

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21
Q

What are the Lymphatic tissues that are surrounded by a capsule?

A

lymph nodes, spleen, thymus

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22
Q

What are the nonencapsulated Lymphatic tissues?

A

diffuse lymphatic tissue, lymphatic nodules, tonsils, Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

23
Q

is nonencapsulated lymphatic tissue located in and below the mucous
membranes of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts

A

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

24
Q

consists of dispersed lymphocytes, macrophages, and other cells, and has no clear boundaries blends with surrounding tissues

A

Diffuse lymphatic tissue

25
Q

where immune cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) are PRODUCED and
MATURE to the point where they can produce a normal immune response
(immunocompetent)

A

Primary lymphoid organs

26
Q

What are the 2 primary lymphoid organs?

A

Red Bone Marrow
Thymus Gland

27
Q

are the sites where the MATURE lymphocytes RESIDE and carry
out immune response

A

Secondary lymphoid organs

28
Q

denser arrangements of lymphatic tissue organized into compact, somewhat spherical structures

A

Lymphatic nodules

29
Q

aggregations of lymphatic nodules in the distal half of the small intestine and the appendix.

A

Peyer’s patches

30
Q

lymphatic nodules found within lymph nodes and the spleen

A

lymphatic follicles

31
Q

where lymphocytes (both T-cell and B-cells) arise

A

Red bone marrow

32
Q

Site of maturation in T-cells; decreases in size after puberty

A

Thymus gland

33
Q

lymphatic tissue surrounding the ARTERIES within the SPLEEN; contains a great number of lymphocytes; 1/4 of the spleen’s volume

A

white pulp

34
Q

associated with the VEINS within the SPLEEN; consists of a fibrous network, filled with macrophages and red blood cells, and enlarged capillaries that connect to the veins; 3/4 of the spleen’s volume

A

red pulp

34
Q

Foreign substances in the blood passing through the spleen can stimulate an __________ because of the presence of _______ in the __________.

A

immune response; lymphocytes; white pulp

35
Q

Foreign substances and defective red blood cells are removed from
the blood by ________ in the _________ of the spleen.

A

phagocytes; red pulp

36
Q

Located in the left superior corner of the abdominal cavity; has an outer capsule of dense connective tissue and a small amount of smooth muscle

A

spleen

37
Q

The spleen filters ________ instead of lymph.

A

blood

38
Q

The spleen’s functions are:

A
  1. destroying defective red blood cells
  2. detecting and responding to foreign substances in the blood
  3. acting as a blood reservoir
39
Q

The ________ of the spleen are a limited reservoir for blood.

A

splenic cords

40
Q

bilobed gland in the superior mediastinum and is divided into a cortex and a medulla

A

Thymus

41
Q

A hormone secreted by the thymus that is important in the
T-cell maturation process.

A

Thymosin

42
Q

what are the secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Spleen, Lymph Nodes, MALT (Tonsils, Peyer’s Patches, and Appendix)

43
Q

are small, round or bean-shaped structures distributed along the course
of the lymphatic vessels that filters lymph and removes bacteria and other materials.

A

Lymph nodes

44
Q

lymphocytes ________, _________, and _________ within lymph nodes.

A

congregate; function; proliferate

45
Q

Lymph nodes are categorized as __________ or ________.

A

superficial; deep

46
Q

__________ carry lymph to the lymph nodes, where it is filtered, and __________ carry lymph away from the lymph nodes

A

Afferent lymphatic vessels; efferent lymphatic vessels

47
Q

large groups of lymphatic nodules in the pharynx that protect against bacteria entering through the nasal or oral cavity; decrease in size after puberty and eventually may disappear

A

Tonsils

48
Q

The three groups of tonsils

A
  1. Pharyngeal tonsils
  2. Palatine tonsils
  3. Lingual tonsil
49
Q

When the pharyngeal tonsil is enlarged, it is commonly called the ________.

A

adenoid

50
Q

large, oval, lymphatic masses on each side of the junction between the oral cavity and the pharynx; What most of us think of as our “tonsils” are

A

palatine tonsils

50
Q

aggregated lymphoid nodules; large clusters of lymphoid follicles, structurally similar to the tonsils; located in the wall of the distal portion of the small intestine

A

Peyer’s patches

51
Q

Function of Peyer’s patches

A

monitor intestinal bacteria populations and prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines

52
Q

is a tubular offshoot of the first part of the large intestine and contains a high concentration of lymphoid follicles

A

Appendix

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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