Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
1
Q
- Consists of four bones:
o 2 Scapulae (Posteriorly)
o 2 Clavicles (Anteriorly)
A
PECTORAL GIRDLE
2
Q
slender, S-shaped bones that can be felt along their entire course as they extend horizontally across the superior thorax
A
Clavicle
3
Q
thin, triangular – shaped bones
A
Scapula
4
Q
hallow fossa which articulates with the humeral head forming the glenohumeral joint or shoulder joint
A
Glenoid Cavity
5
Q
prominence that can be felt through the skin
A
Spine
6
Q
posterolateral end of the spine, articulates with the acromial end forming ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT
A
Acromion
7
Q
- anterolateral end of the spine.
- No articulation but helps anchor the bicep muscle.
A
Coracoid process
8
Q
a nerve passage
A
Suprascapular Notch
9
Q
UPPER LIMB consists of:
A
- Arm
- Elbow
- Forearm
- Wrist
- Hand
10
Q
- Region between the shoulder and the elbow.
- It contains the humerus
A
arm
11
Q
Parts of the arm
A
✓ Humeral Head
✓ Anatomical Neck
✓ Surgical Neck
✓ Greater Tubercle
✓ Lesser Tubercle
✓ Deltoid Tuberosity
✓ Radial Groove
12
Q
largest and longest bone of the upper limb
A
humerus
13
Q
hemispherical shaped, which fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula in a manner that allows the arm to hang freely at one’s side.
A
Humeral Head
14
Q
slight constriction inferior to the head
A
Anatomical neck
15
Q
most fractured part of the humerus
A
Surgical neck
16
Q
lateral tubercle
A
Greater tubercle
17
Q
Lesser tubercle
A
medial tubercle
18
Q
separates
the two tubercles
A
Bicipital groove/Intertubercular sulcus
19
Q
roughened attachment for deltoid muscle
A
Deltoid tuberosity
20
Q
runs obliquely, marking the course of the radial nerve
A
Radial groove
21
Q
Elbow Anterior view:
A
- Capitulum
- Trochlea
- Head of radius
- Coronoid Fossa
22
Q
Elbow posterior view:
A
- Medial Epicondyle
- Lateral Epicondyle
- Olecranon
- Olecranon Fossa
23
Q
articulates with radius, medial condyle
A
Capitulum
24
Q
articulates with ulna, lateral condyle
A
Trochlea
25
muscle attachment site
Medial and lateral epicondyle
26
prominent process of the ulna which articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus forming the elbow joint
Olecranon
27
Two parallel long bones, the radius and the ulna, form the skeleton of the forearm, or antebrachium
Forearm
28
- Thin at its proximal end and wide distally.
- Responsible for forming the wrist joint
Radius (Lateral portion)
29
nail-like, most proximal portion of the radius
Radial Head
30
inferior to the head, anchors biceps muscle
Radial tuberosity
31
- anchoring site for ligaments that run to the wrist
Radial styloid process
32
Articulate with the ulna (radioulnar joint)
Ulnar notch
33
- Sligthly longer than the radius
- responsible for forning the elbow joint with the humerus
Ulna (medial portion)
34
Parts of the ulna
- head of ulna
- ulnar styloid process
35
Anchoring site for ligaments that run to the wrist
Ulnar styloid process
36
Includes the carpals, metacarpals
Hand
37
Parts of the hand (proximal)
- Scaphoid (Navicular): boat-shaped
- Lunate (semilunar): moon-shaped
- Triquetrum (Triquetral)
- pisiform (unciform)
38
Parts of the Hand (distal)
- trapezium (greater motangular)
- trapezoid (lesser motangular)
- capitate (os magnum)
- hamate (hamulus)
39
Numbered from I-V
Metacarpal
40
Meracarpal is composed of:
- head (articulates with the metacarpolhalangeal joint)
- shaft
- base (articulates with carpals: carpometacarpal joint)
41
- Also numbered from I-V.
- Contains 14 miniature long bones.
- Except from the first digit, each digit has 3 phalanges
o Proximal
o Middle
o Distal
Phalanges
42
- Attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton
- transmits the full weight of the upper body to the lower limbs
- supports the visceral organs of the pelvis.
- consists of two hip bones (os coxae)
PELVIC GIRDLE
43
Each hip bone has three parts:
- ilium
- pubis
- ischium
44
A large flaring bone that forms the superior region of a coxal xbone
Ilium
45
superior winglike portion
Ala
46
thickened portion on the superior margin of ala
Iliac crest
47
- through which the thick cordlike sciatic nerve passes to enter the thigh.
Greater Sciatic Notch
48
a concavity exhibited by the medial surface of the iliac ala
iliac fossa
49
where the iliac crest ends anteriorly and posteriorly respectively
anterior superior iliac spine
posterior superior iliac spine
50
Located below the anterior and posterior superior iliac spine
anterior and posterior inferior iliac spines
51
Forms the anterior portion of the hip bone
Pubis
52
a. Essentially, the pubis is ________ with __________________ issuing from its flattened medial body.
b. The _________ of the pubis is thickened to form the _________. At the lateral end of the pubic crest is the _______, one of the attachments for the ___________.
- V shaped
- superior and inferior pubic rami
- anterior border
- pubic crest
- pubic tubercle
- inguinal ligament.
53
large opening of the hip bone where blood vessels pass through
Obturator foramen
54
The bodies of the two pubic bones are joined by a fibrocartilage disc, forming the _____________
midline pubic symphysis joint
55
Inferior to the midline pubic symphysis joint, the inferior pubic rami angle laterally, forming an inverted V-shaped arch called the
pubic arch or subpubic angle
56
- Forms the posteroinferior portion of the hip bone
- Roughly L- or arc-shaped, it has a thicker, superior body adjoining the ilium and a thinner, inferior ramus
Ischium
57
- projects medially into the pelvic cavity and serves as a point of attachment of the sacrospinous ligament running from the sacrum
ischial spine
58
- Just inferior to the ischial spine
- A number of nerves and blood vessels pass through this notch to supply the anogenital area
lesser sciatic notch
59
Regions of the LOWER LIMB:
- thigh
- patella
- tibia
- fibula
- foot
60
- Region between the hip and the knee.
- It contains the femur.
Thigh
61
The ball-like _______ of the femur has a small central pit called the ________. The short ligament of the head of the femur runs from this pit to the ________, where it helps secure the _________
- head
- fovea capitis
- acetabulum
- femur
62
projections that serve as sites of attachment for thigh and buttock muscles
lateral greater trochanter
posteromedial lesser trochanter
63
connects the lesser and greater trochanter
intertrochanteric line (anteriorly)
intertrochanteric crest (posteriorly)
64
Inferior to the intertrochanteric crest on the posterior shaft is the _________, which blends into a long vertical ridge, the _________
- gluteal tuberosity
- linea aspera
65
triangular sesamoid bone enclosed in the (quadriceps) tendon that secures the anterior thigh muscles to the tibia
Patella
65
Receives the weight of the body from the femur and transmits it to the foo
Tibia (Medial Portion)
66
At the broad proximal end of the tibia are the _____________, which look like two huge checkers lying side by side. These are separated by
an irregular projection, the ____________
- concave medial and lateral condyle
- intercondylar eminence.
67
Just inferior to the condyles, the tibia’s anterior surface displays the rough _________, to which the patellar ligament attaches. Medial to that joint surface is an inferior projection, the ______________
- tibial tuberosity
- medial malleolus
68
- A sticklike bone with slightly expanded ends. Not for weight bearing, but for muscle attachment.
- Its proximal end is its head; its distal end is the lateral malleolus
Fibula
69
forms the conspicuous lateral ankle bulge and articulates with
the talus
lateral malleolus
70
– includes tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges
Foot
71
Parts of the tarsals
a. Talus – largest
b. Calcaneus – heelbone
c. Navicular
d. Medial Cuneform
e. Intermidiate Cuneiform
f. Lateral Cuneiform
g. Cuboid
