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Kemble > M6.2 non- Ferrous > Flashcards

M6.2 non- Ferrous Flashcards

1
Q

What is a non ferrous metal

A

Metals that have elements other than iron as their base metal.
Non magnetic

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2
Q

What are the most common non ferrous metals

A

Aluminium, copper, titanium, magnesium,

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3
Q

What is alimunium obtained from

A

An ore called Bauxite

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of aluminium

A

White
Lightweight
Corrosion resistant
Very strong
Lacks sufficient strength
Most widely used metal

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5
Q

What elements are most commonly used for alloy aluminium metal

A

Copper
Magnesium
Manganese
Zinc

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6
Q

When aluminium is alloyed with copper or zinc what happens

A

The alloy is as strong as steel, yet only 1/3 of the weight
Good corrosion resistance too

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7
Q

What does ANSI mean

A

American national standards institute

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8
Q

What are the two main classes of aluminium

A

Wrought aluminium
Cast aluminium

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9
Q

What is wrought aluminium

A

Heated and worked aluminium
Elongsted grain structure

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10
Q

What is cast aluminium

A

Moulded and allowed to cool
Brittle grain structure

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11
Q

What does the first digit mean

A

Majorly alloying element

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12
Q

What does the second digit mean

A

Indicates alloy modification

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13
Q

What does the last two digits mean

A

Identify different alloys in the group

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14
Q

1xxx?

A

99% pure aluminium

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15
Q

2xxx?

A

Copper

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16
Q

3xxx?

A

Manganese

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17
Q

4xxx?

A

Silicon

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18
Q

5xxx?

A

Magnesium

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19
Q

6xxx?

A

Magnesium and silicon

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20
Q

7xxx?

A

Zinc

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21
Q

8xxx?

A

Other elements

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22
Q

9xxx?

A

Unused series

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23
Q

What are the most common alloys digits used in a situation

A

2024 - copper no mods zinc and magnesium
7075 - zinc no mods zinc magnesium

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24
Q

What is clad aluminium

A

A thin layer 3-5 of pure aluminium to a base material by the rolling process at high temps

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25
Q

What does cladding ensure

A

It increases the materials corrosion resistance

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26
Q

What can be printed on the material to identify it has been cladded?

A

ALCAD, CLAD, ALC

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27
Q

Does the printed ALCAD run along the grain of the material

A

Yes

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28
Q

What are the miscellaneous non ferrous metals

A

Magnesium
Titanium
Inconel
Monel
Copper (bronze= copper and tin) (brass= copper and zinc)

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29
Q

What are the advantages of magnesium

A

Low mass to density ration
Good mechanical properties
Lightweight
Strong
Non magnetic
(Lower density than Al and weights 2/3 of it)

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30
Q

What are the disadvantages of Magnesium alloys

A

Susceptible to corrosion
Easily cracks when formed (heat it before to prevent cracking)
Burns readily
Pitting corrosion

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31
Q

What is the most common magnesium alloy

A

AZ31
(3% Al and 1% zinc)

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32
Q

What are magnesium alloys commonly used for

A

Aircraft landing wheels, engine crank cases, valve bodies

33
Q

What do you use to put out a magnesium fire

A

Sand

34
Q

What are the advantages of titanium alloys

A

Lightweight
High strength
(Pure titanium 50% lighter than stainless steel)
Soft and ductile
(Density between Al and Iron)

35
Q

What does titanium do to makes it corrosion resistant

A

from a thin layer of titanium oxide outside the pure metal

36
Q

What are Titanium alloys used for in aviation

A

Bolts
Fasteners
Firewalls
Hydraulic pipes
Engine compressed blades

37
Q

What are the most commonly used nickel alloys

A

Monel
Inconel

38
Q

What does Monel contain

A

68% nickel 29% copper and small amounts of iron and manganese

39
Q

What are the advantages of monel

A

Can be welded
Good machining characteristics
High strength and toughness
Corrosion resistant at elevated temps
(Some monel containing Al are heat treatable creating strength equivalent to steel)

40
Q

What is monel used for

A

Gears
Parts of the exhaust
Monel rivets also available

41
Q

What does Inconel contain

A

80% nickel 14% chromium and small amounts of iron

42
Q

What are the advantages of Inconel

A

Good strength
Corrosion resistant under extremely high temps
(Similar appearance to stainless steel and used in similar places)

43
Q

What is Inconel used for

A

Nozzle supports
Fan castings
Blades
(Used in turbine engines)

44
Q

What are 3 copper based alloys

A

Brass
Bronze
Beryllium

45
Q

What are the advantages of copper alloys

A

Excellent electrical and theremal conductivity
Malleable
Ductile

46
Q

What are copper alloys most commonly used for

A

Electrical wiring as it can be
Rolled, drawn, forged, and pressed

47
Q

What is a simple definition of heat treatment

A

A series of operations involving the heating and cooling of metals in their solid state

48
Q

What is the reason for heat treatments

A

Makes the metal more useful
Harder, stronger and more resistant to impact
Also more ductile and soft

49
Q

What are the two types of heat treatment for Aluminium alloys

A

Solution heat treatment
Precipitation heat treatment

50
Q

What is solution heat treatment

A

Process of heating an aluminium alloy to allow alloying element to mix with base metal

51
Q

What is the process of solution heat treatment

A

the aluminium alloy is heated in a salt bath (of molten sodium or potassium nitrate)
or in a hot-air furnace from 440 °C – 525 °C (825 °F – 980 °F) (just below its melting point)

duration depends on the thickness and type of aluminium alloy
The temperature is maintained at ±5 °C (±10 °F) long enough for the base metal to be taken into the solid solution with the aluminium.

Once the alloy has been sufficiently heated (soaked),
removed from the furnace and quenched in cold water.
no more than ten seconds elapses between removing an alloy from the furnace and quenching the alloy.

52
Q

What is precipitation heat treatment

A

Restore strength since material has come out relatively soft after solution heat treatment.
But by precipitation heat treatment become hard and gain strength over time

53
Q

What are the two types of precipitation heat treatment

A

Natural ageing
Artificial ageing

54
Q

What is natural age hardening

A

Take quenched alloy out and wait days or weeks for alloy to naturally harden.
(Copper 2024 gains 90% of its strength within first 30 mins and comes fully hard within 5 days)

55
Q

What is artificial age hardening

A

Process of hardening can be increased of decreased.
Slowed - storing metal at sun zero (-20 degrees c) immediately after removal.
Increased - reheating the metal between 160 - 260 degrees c. And allow to soak.

56
Q

What is the process of annealing

A

Heated and held at appropriate temperatures (mass dependent)
Cooled very slowly in still air or a furnace.
(Can be done several times)

57
Q

What does annealing do to a material

A

Softens and decreases internal stress

58
Q

What can go wrong when annealing clad alloys

A

If heating is not properly controlled when heating clad alloys it causes the core material to mix with the cladding material. Reducing corrosion resistance

59
Q

Can you use annealed parts no aircraft’s

A

No

60
Q

What does T3 mean (temper designator)

A

Solution heat treated and cold worked

61
Q

What does T4 mean

A

Solution heat treated and naturally aged

62
Q

What does T6 mean

A

Solution heat treated and artificially aged

63
Q

How many times can you re heat cladded materials

A

3, otherwise there could be a diffusion of base material into the cladding, decreasing corrosion resistance

64
Q

Why would you reheat materials more than once

A

To relieve stress

65
Q

What does strain hardening do

A

alters the grain structure and hardens the alloy by rolling, drawing, or pressing.

66
Q

What is strain hardening also known as

A

cold working or work hardening.

67
Q

At what temperature range is a metal strain hardened

A

at a temperature below its critical range

68
Q

What is the different between strain hardening a heat treatable alloy compared to a non heat treatable alloy

A

Heat treatable alloys have their strength increased by rolling after they have been solution heat treated.
non-heat treatable alloys are hardened in the manufacturing process when they are rolled to their desired dimensions.

69
Q

Does pure aluminium benefit from heat treatment

A

No, pure aluminium has no alloying materials therefore does benefit.

70
Q

What is alloy 3003

A

3003 is almost identical to pure aluminium, except for a small amount of manganese
therefore does not benefit from being heat treated.

71
Q

What is alloy 5052 and why is it important when talking about cold working.

A

Alloy 5052 most important of the non-heat treatable aluminium alloys.
contains 2.5% magnesium and small amount of chromium.
It is used for welded parts such as fuel or oil tanks and for rigid fluid lines.
Its strength is increased by cold working.

72
Q

What series are non heat treatable aluminium alloys

A

1xxx, 3xxx, and 5xxx series
Their properties can be altered by cold working or rolling

73
Q

How can an alloys hardness or temper be indicated

A

by a letter that is separated from the alloy designation.
A number following the letter to show when basic temper of the alloy is present.
(Sorry this one is confusing :)))))))

74
Q

What does F mean

A

F: As fabricated

75
Q

What does O mean

A

O: Annealed, re-crystallised (wrought materials only)

76
Q

What does H mean

A

H: Strain hardened

77
Q

What does H1 mean

A

H1: Strain hardened only

78
Q

What does H2 mean

A

H2: Strain hardened and partially annealed

79
Q

What does H3 mean

A

H3: Strain hardened and stabilised

Kemble (39 decks)

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