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Kemble > M3 > Flashcards

M3 Flashcards

1
Q

Are protons negatively charged

A

No, they are positively charged

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2
Q

What is a neutron

A

Neutral particles with a charge of 0. They ensure that positively charged protons don’t repel.

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3
Q

What is an electron

A

A negatively charged particle that travels on the shells or orbits.

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4
Q

Why don’t electrons move away from the nucleus

A

Because of the centrifugal force which attracts the electrons towards the positively charged protons.

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5
Q

When is an atom electrically neautral

A

When number of protons and electrons is the same

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6
Q

What is an ion

A

A positive or negatively charged atom. Happens through ionisation

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7
Q

What is a molecule

A

An electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. Distinguished by their lack of electrical charge.

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8
Q

What is a cation

A

A positively charged ion

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9
Q

What is an anion

A

A negatively charged ion

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10
Q

What do cations and anions do together

A

They attract to each other and form ionic compounds like salts

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11
Q

what is a compound

A

A chemically bonded substance so posed of two or more identical molecules. Composed of atoms from more than one element.

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12
Q

What are the four types of bonds

A

Convalent bonds
Ionic bonds
Inter metallic compounds
Certain complexes held together by coordinate covalent bonds

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13
Q

What is a conductor

A

It has less than 4 electrons. 3 or less in valance shell.

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of a conductor

A

Metals
Closely packed and have a crystal lattice
High density, which allows electrons on outer shell to separate from their atoms and move within the atomic structure.
Hugh mobility of electrons

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15
Q

What is a semiconductor

A

An atom that has 4 electrons
Conductivity is produced by adding other forge in atoms - dopping

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16
Q

What are some example of semi conductors

A

Silicon
Germanium

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17
Q

What is an insulator

A

Also known as non conductors
Has more than 4 electrons on valence shell.
Has no free electrons therefore cannot be conducted
The structure of electrons is tightly packed therefore means electrons cannot break away

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18
Q

What is an example of insulators

A

Micra
Porcelain

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19
Q

What is static electricity

A

When two materials are rubbed against each other and some electrons from one material are handed over to the other material. The electrons that are given are called free electrons and are in the valence shell

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20
Q

How can static electricity be produced

A

Contact
Friction
Induction

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21
Q

What is an example of static friction

A

When a glass rod is rubbed with fur it becomes negatively charged. Whereas if it is rubbed with silk it becomes positively charged

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22
Q

What is the law of attraction

A

Opposites attract

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23
Q

What happens to the lines of force

A

They extend in all directions from the charged body and terminate where there is an opposite charge

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24
Q

Why are metals good conductors

A

As they have a vast number of free electrons available

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25
Q

What happens when you apply a force to a solid

A

Electrons flow from a negative to the positive pole

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26
Q

What happens when an electron enters a conductor

A

Another electron at opposite end of conductor is pushed out.

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27
Q

What is the movement of an electron called

A

Current

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28
Q

What happens if the current remains constant

A

The same number of electrons flow through a conductor regardless of its cross section area

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29
Q

What does it mean if a conductors cross section is smaller

A

It means the electrons are more closely packed together. Therefore heating is higher. Therefore electron ion collisions occur more often with higher intensity. Increasing heating.

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30
Q

What is the formula for current density

A

Current density = Current [A] / cross section area [mm2]
J = I / A

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31
Q

What does a greater density in a conductor mean

A

More heat is produced.

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32
Q

What is the maximum a cable can be heated to

A

60 degree c. For each given cross section an ambient temp of 25 degrees c

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33
Q

Is water a conductor

A

Pure water is not a conductor. As it does not contain any ions so electrons do not move through the solution

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34
Q

Is Tap water a conductor $$$$$$

A

Yes. As it contains hydrogen and oxygen. Of DC is applied hydrogen is generated at negative pole and oxygen at positive.

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35
Q

What is it meant by the decomposition of chemical compounds

A

The passing of an electric current through a liquid which is called electrolysis. The conducting substance is called an electrolyte

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36
Q

What is an electrolyte

A

The conducting substance that occurs when an electric current passes through

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37
Q

Where can you find the condition of electricity in gases

A

The application of gases can be found in the filament builds with a higher electrical output of 60w

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38
Q

Why would you find a gas in a filament light bulb

A

To prevent it from burning oxidising or vaporising. Gases such as nitrogen argon and krypton

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39
Q

What is the production of electrical continuity in gasses or metal vapours

A

The production of light

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40
Q

What is the process of light by gasses called

A

It is called gas discharge, happens to fluorescent tubes

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41
Q

Why does gas discharge happen

A

Due to the heat. The molecules or atoms move to and from random layers without combining with each other. The gas atoms that are enclosed in the bulbs are electrically neutrals so no need to combine.

Electrons of fewer atoms will split if for energy supply then freely moving charge carriers are generated. The current increases in such a way that it has to be limited with resistance.

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42
Q

What does gas discharge arise from

A

Electrons and positive ions therefore being it neutral.

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43
Q

What is an oscilloscope

A

Provides a visual isotion of rapidly varying processes in electrical engineering

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44
Q

What is an oscillograph

A

Rapidly varying electrical process which can be permanently recorded. Whereas using a oscilloscope the processes can be visualised but not recorded. More so pictures.

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45
Q

Do more on oscilloscope etc

A
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46
Q

What is potential difference

A

Always arises between two differently charged points. When there is an deficiency of electrons at one point and an excess at another point.

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47
Q

How do you generate voltage

A

By separating negative and positive charges

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48
Q

What is a generator

A

It draws electrons from positive pole and transports them to negative pole so potential difference is maintained and therefore produces an electrical voltage. Not the only way to produce it tho.

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49
Q

Add more on how to produce voltage.

A
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50
Q

What is EMF

A

electromotive force.

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51
Q

What does the electromotive force do.

A

A force that acts in a way that a body is pushed pulled or lifted. As electrical charges will exert a push or pull force on each other without actually coming into contact with each other.

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52
Q

Who developed the electric field theory

A

Faraday

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53
Q

How can electrical attraction and repulsion was shown

A

By electrical flux line. Yet they are invisible in real life. The more lines the stronger the field would be. The lines also take the shortest means possible to get from a positive to a negative charge.

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54
Q

What does the density of flux lines red present

A

The quantity of electrical excitement between charges

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55
Q

What is voltage

A

Also known as electric pressure. It’s the difference in electrical potential between two points. The force that acts on electron to cause it to move.

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56
Q

What does distance between for an electron and nucleus

A

The greater distance between the electron and nucleus the stronger the potential energy of electron.

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57
Q

What is DC

A

Direct current. The charge carriers consistently flow in same direction at same current

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58
Q

What is AC

A

Alternative current. A flow of charges repeatedly changing direction and current in a certain time period

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59
Q

What is the value of 1 ampere

A

6.24 x10 18 electron/sec

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60
Q

How can you measure current

A

Ammeter or current meter

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61
Q

What is the charge of a single electron

A

-0.1602 x 10 -18 C

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62
Q

How many electrons are in the valance shell for a good conductor

A

3 or less

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63
Q

If you were to rub a glass rod with silk it would become what charge

A

Positive

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64
Q

Opposite charges do what and like charges do what

A

Opposite charge and like charges repel

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65
Q

What is a battery made up off

A

Two different materials and an electrolyte

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66
Q

If you increase distance between electron and neutron what happens

A

Potential energy/ voltage increases

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67
Q

What will a nickel cadmium cells voltage be when it is discharged

A

1 volt

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68
Q

What would chromel alumels mv change by its temperature increases by 100 degrees c

A

353.5volts

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69
Q

What is superimposed voltage

A

Goes below zero but inconsistent to rest of graph

70
Q

What is a generator

A

A device which separates charge

71
Q

What is emf

A

Electromotive force

72
Q

How does current density affect heat

A

The greater the current density the more heat that’s produced

73
Q

What is the liquid in electrolysis

A

Electrolyte

74
Q

What is gas discharge

A

The electrical continuity in gases or metal vapour which results in light

75
Q

What is the speed of movement of charges depends on

A

Temp
Cross section
Conductor materials

76
Q

What is 1 amp

A

6.24 x 10(18)

77
Q

What’s the device called for recording oscillations?

A

Oscilloscope

78
Q

What are the two kinds of voltage and what do they do

A

AC - changes polarity
DC - same polarity (direction)

79
Q

Is pure water a conductor?

A

No but tap water is as it has other chemicals in it

80
Q

What is the maximum temperature for cables

A

60 degrees

81
Q

What is testing temp for cables

A

25 degrees Celsius

82
Q

How to work out current density

A

Current/ cross sectional area

83
Q

What charge does a glass rod have when rubbed with fur and silk

A

Fur - negative
Silk - positive

84
Q

Examples of insulators

A

Porcelain

85
Q

What is doping

A

Adding foreign atoms

86
Q

Insulators have how many electrons in valance orbit

A

5 or more

87
Q

Semi conductors have how many electrons in valance orbit

A

Exactly 4

88
Q

Good conductors have fun how many electrons in valence orbit?

A

3 or less

89
Q

Four types of bonds

A

Covalent, ionic, intermetallic, coordinate covalent

90
Q

What happens to conductance when resistance is high

A

Low conductance

91
Q

Charge of an electron

A

-0.1602 x 10 (-18)

92
Q

What if the electrostatic law of attraction?

A

Opposite charges attract
Same charges repel

93
Q

What are the 4 types of bonds

A

Covalent
Ionic
Intermetallic
Coordinate covalent

94
Q

What type of cells generate light

A

Photocells

95
Q

Good conductors have how many electrons in valance orbit

A

3 or less

96
Q

3 main components to a three phase principle

A

120 degrees between coils and wavelengths
115v between 1 phase and neutral
200v between 1 phase and another phase

97
Q

What is electron emission

A

The superstation of electrons from a metal bonding. It’s a common method of doing this by heating

98
Q

What is the charged rate of lead acid

A

2v

99
Q

What is the charged rate of nickelncadminium

A

1.2v

100
Q

How does pressure produce heat

A

Crushing piezo crystal

101
Q

How do you increase voltage

A

Increase magnetic speed strength
Increase movement speed
Length of conductor

102
Q

Difference between primary and secondary cells

A

Primary cells aren’t rechargeable whereas secondary are

103
Q

What’s the charged and discharged voltage of lead acid

A

Charged - 2v
Uncharged - 1.83v

104
Q

What’s the charged and discharged voltage of nichel codmium

A

Charged - 1.2v
Discharged 1v

105
Q

What’s the most common secondary cell

A

Lead acid and nickel codium

106
Q

What’s the mix of the electrolyte consist of and percentage

A

70/30
Suphric acid and water

107
Q

Advatanges of using a nickel codium battery over a lead battery

A

Larger capacity
Better power to weight ratio

108
Q

Voltage

A

The difference in energy between electrical charges or potentials.
The force that acts on electrons cause to move

109
Q

What happens when the distance between the electron and nucleus gets bigger

A

The stronger the potential energy of electron gets.

110
Q

What is direct current

A

If voltage has the same polarity over time. Either positive or negative. Doesn’t change - singular direction

111
Q

What is a voltmeter

A

Is connected in parallel with the terminals of a power source.

112
Q

Two ways to measure voltage

A

Analogue meter - pointer deflection
Numerical read out - digital meter

113
Q

What does 1v equal

A

1000mv

114
Q

What is electrical current

A

The flow of electrical charges in a certain direction

115
Q

What’s the equation for current

A

Current = charge / time or current = volt/ resistance

116
Q

Is an electrical current a flow of electrons

A

No not necessarily. There are other charge carriers that cause the flow of electrons
-in solid conductive materials - electron currents

117
Q

What’s is dc

A

Direct current - the charge carriers constantly flow in same direction at same current

118
Q

What is ac

A

A flow of charges repeadily changing direction and current in a certain period of time

119
Q

1 ampere =

A

1 ampere = 6.24 x 10 (18) electron/second

120
Q

How do you measure a current of a series

A

The charge carriers flow through a Ammeter or current meter

121
Q

What’s is resistance

A

A measure of the opposition to the current flow of an electrical circuit

122
Q

What is resistance

A

Measure of its opposition to the flow of electrical current. The breaking action of a conductive material, therefore dependent on atomic density of material. - closer the ions are the greater the braking action

123
Q

What is ohms law

A

The relationship between current, voltage and resistance

124
Q

What is the ohms law equation

A

Volatage = current x resistance

125
Q

What is conductance

A

The ease with which electric current flows through materials

126
Q

Conductance

A

Higher resistance = lower conductivity
Lower resistance = higher conductivity

127
Q

What’s is the equation for resistance

A

G = 1/R measured in siemens (s)

128
Q

What is charge

A

The sum of all electrical charges is the quantity of electricity - called charge

129
Q

What’s is the si unit for charge

A

Coulomb (C) 1c = 6.24 x 10(18) electrons

130
Q

What’s is the equation for charge

A

Charge = current/time

131
Q

What is conventional current flow

A

The electric current flows from positive to negative pole

132
Q

Electron flow

A

direction of electrons is flowing through a conductor depends on applied voltage. If the polarity of the voltage is not changing then electrons will flow through the same direction - DC

If changing polarity then it’s - AC

133
Q

How does light generate electricity

A

By a photocell

134
Q

Semi conductor materials

A

Silicon and germanium

135
Q

What is a photocells function

A

Generates electric voltage as they are energy converters

136
Q

What effects the amount of electricity generated by a photocell

A

Time, intensity,colour, type

137
Q

What’s the device called for recording oscillations?

A

Oscilloscope

138
Q

What’s gas discharge

A

Electrical continuity is gases or metal vapour which results in light

139
Q

What’s the liquid called in electrolysis

A

Electrolyte

140
Q

How do you get current density

A

Current/cross sectional area

141
Q

What are the two types of voltage and what’s the difference

A

Ac- changes polarity
Dc- same polarity

142
Q

Whats the charge of 1 amp

A

6.24 x 10 to power of 18

143
Q

Speed of movement of charges depends on

A

Temp, cross sectional area, conductor material

144
Q

How does current density affect heat

A

The greater the current density, the higher the heat

145
Q

Whats EMF

A

Electromotive force

146
Q

What’s a generator

A

A device that splits/separates charges

147
Q

What’s si unit of charge

A

Columbs

148
Q

How’s static electricity produced

A

Contact, friction, induction

149
Q

What are thermocouples used for in aviation

A

Measuring exhaust gas temps

150
Q

What’s the Most common thermocouple

A

Chromel and alumel

151
Q

What’s the positive and negative plates of nickel cadmium made up from

A

Positive plate is made up from nickel oxy hydroxide
Negative plate is made up from metallic cadmium

152
Q

What does the positive and negative plates of lead acid consist of

A

Positive is made up from lead peroxide
Negative is made up from spongy lead

153
Q

In a series cell what happens to volts and amps

A

Volts increase and Amps stay the same

154
Q

What determines amount of voltage generated through induction

A

Magnetic field strength, length of wire, speed of motion

155
Q

What’s the action called that occurs in a battery cell

A

Galvanic cell

156
Q

Advantages of using nickel cadmium batteries over a lead battery?

A

Larger capacity, better power to weight ratio

157
Q

What’s the mix of the electrolyte in lead acid

A

70 percentage sulphric acid
30 percentage water

158
Q

Most common secondary cell

A

Lead acid and nickel cadmium

159
Q

What’s the charged and discharged voltage of nickel cadmium

A

Charged 1.2
Discharged 1

160
Q

What’s the charged and discharged voltage of lead acid

A

Charged 2
Discharged 1.83

161
Q

Difference between primary and secondary cells

A

Primary’s are one use and can’t can’t be recharged whereas secondaries can

162
Q

How do you increase voltage

A

Increase magnetite strength, increase movement strength, length of conductor

163
Q

How does pressure produce heat

A

Crushing the piezo crystal

164
Q

What’s the electrostatic law of attraction

A

Opposite charges attract whereas same charges repell

165
Q

Charges of an electron?

A

-0.1602 x 10 to the power of minus 18

166
Q

What types of cells generate light

A

Photocells

167
Q

If dc’s applied to water what’s generated at either pole

A

Negative- hydrogen
Positive- oxygen

168
Q

4 types of bonds

A

Inter-metallic, covalent, ionic, coordinate convalent

169
Q

What’s doping

A

Adding foreign atoms

170
Q

Examples of insulators

A

Porcelain

Kemble (39 decks)

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