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[LECT] CC 2 - Finals > [M8] Part 2: Toxicology > Flashcards

[M8] Part 2: Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

Enumerate the therapeutic drugs

A
  1. Salicylates
  2. Acetaminophen
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2
Q

Other name for Salicylates

A

Acetylsalicylic acid or Aspirin

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3
Q

Common analgesic, antipyretic, and anticoagulant

A

Salicylates

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4
Q

Relieves pain

A

Analgesic

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5
Q

Anti-fever

A

Antipyretic

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6
Q

Blocks cyclooxygenase reducing thromboxane and prostaglandins

A

Salicylates

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7
Q

Salicylates

Blocks _______ reducing _______ and _______

A

cyclooxygenase

thromboxane

prostaglandins

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8
Q

Salicylates

important for blood coagulation

A

Thromboxane and prostaglandins

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9
Q

Salicylates

Adverse effects:

A

→ Platelet aggregation inhibition
→ Gastrointestinal function interference
→ Rye Syndrome in Children
→ Viral infection

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10
Q

Salicylates (Toxicity)

Serum level of _____ ingestion denotes toxicity

A

> 90 mg/dL

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11
Q

Salicylates (Toxicity)

Enumerate the Acute ingestion (high doses)

A

→ Metabolic acidosis
→ Respiratory alkalosis
→ Inhibits Kreb’s cycle
→ Ketone formation
→ Death

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12
Q

Salicylates (Toxicity)

Occurs because salicylates are acids

A

Metabolic acidosis

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13
Q

Salicylates (Toxicity)

Salicylate has direct stimulation respiratory center = hyperventilation

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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14
Q

Salicylates (Toxicity)

Respiratory alkalosis:
Salicylate has direct stimulation _______ = ______

A

respiratory center
hyperventilation

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15
Q

Salicylate (Toxicity)

Increasing lactate and pyruvate formation

A

Inhibit Kreb’s cycle

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16
Q

Salicylate (Toxicity)

Inhibits Kreb’s cycle:
Increasing _____ and_____ formation

A

lactate
pyruvate

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17
Q

Salicylates (Toxicity)

Inhibit Kreb’s cycle:
The increase in lactate and pyruvate formation could lead to ____

A

muscle cramps

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18
Q

Salicylates (Toxicity)

Treatment:

A

→ Neutralization and Elimination
→ Maintaining electrolyte imbalance

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19
Q

Salicylates

Mention the method used in its Analysis

A

● Gas Chromatography
● Liquid Chromatography
● Chromogenic Assay

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20
Q

Salicylates (Analysis)

highest analytical sensitivity

A

Liquid Chromatography

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21
Q

Salicylates (Analysis)

What type of Reaction is used in Chromogenic Assay

A

Trinder reaction

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22
Q

Salicylates (Analysis)

Chemical reaction of Chromogenic Assay

A

Salicylate + ferric nitrate —> colored complex

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23
Q

Salicylates (Analysis)

Reagent used in Chromogenic Assay

A

Ferric nitrate

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24
Q

Salicylates (Analysis)

Chromogenic assay is measured _______

A

spectrophotometrically

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25
Q

Acetaminophen a.k.a

A

Paracetamol

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26
Q

Paracetamol is what type of Therapeutic drugs

A

Acetaminophen

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27
Q

Famous US brand of Acetaminophen

A

Tylenol

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28
Q

Common analgesic

A

Acetaminophen

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29
Q

Acetaminophen

common ____

A

analgesic

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30
Q

Overdose is associated with severe hepatotoxicity

A

Acetaminophen

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31
Q

Acetaminophen

Overdose is associated with _______

A

severe hepatotoxicity

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32
Q

Acetaminophen

Overdose value:

A

300 ug/mL 2 hours after ingestion

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33
Q

predicts acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage based on serum concentration at a known time after ingestion

A

Rumack-Matthew Nomogram

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34
Q

Acetaminophen

Rumack-Matthew Nomogram

predicts acetaminophen-induced ______ based on ________ at a known time after ingestion

A

hepatic damage
serum concentration

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35
Q

Acetaminophen

A graphical presentation

A

Rumack-Matthew Nomogram

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36
Q

Acetaminophen

If the toxic concentration is reached, it it subjective of acetaminophen induced hepatic damage

A

Rumack-Matthew Nomogram

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37
Q

Acetaminophen

Rumack-Matthew Nomogram:

If the toxic concentration is reached, it it subjective of_________________________

A

acetaminophen induced hepatic damage

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38
Q

Acetaminophen

Should NOT be used among ethanol abused patients.

A

Rumack-Matthew Nomogram

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39
Q

Acetaminophen

Rumack-Matthew Nomogram:
Should NOT be used among ______ patients.

A

ethanol abused

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40
Q

Acetaminophen

Why is Rumack-Matthew Nomogram not used among ethanol abused patients?

A

They metabolize acetaminophen at rapid rate

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41
Q

Acetaminophen

Enumerate the methods used in Analysis

A

Immunoassay
HPLC

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42
Q

Acetaminophen (Analysis)

Commonly used

A

Immunoassay

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43
Q

Acetaminophen (Analysis)

Reference method

A

HPLC

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44
Q

Enumerate the drugs of abuse

A
  1. Amphetamines
  2. Ecstasy
  3. Anabolic Steroid
  4. Cannabinoids
  5. Cocaine
  6. Opiates
  7. Phencyclidine
  8. Sedatives-Hypnotics
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45
Q

Its most common form is Shabu

A

Amphetamines

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46
Q

Amphetamines

Most common form _____

A

Shabu

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47
Q

Used for treatment for narcolepsy and attention deficit disorder

A

Amphetamines

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48
Q

Amphetamines

Used for treatment for ______ and __________

A

narcolepsy
attention deficit disorder

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49
Q

uncontrolled sleeping

A

Narcolepsy

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50
Q

Has low therapeutic dose

A

Amphetamins

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51
Q

Very close to toxic dose

A

Amphetamines

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52
Q

Develops tolerance → Has high potential abuse

A

Amphetamins

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53
Q

Drug for reducing weight

A

Amphetamines

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54
Q

Amphetamines

Drug for reducing weight → It may induce ________

A

Anorexia nervosa

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55
Q

Blocks dopamine receptors in the brain

A

Amphetamines

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56
Q

Amphetamines

Blocks _______ in the brain

A

Blocks dopamine receptors in the brain

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57
Q

Examples of Amphetamines

A

→ Amphetamines
→ Methamphetamines
→ Methylphenidate
→ Benzphenidate
→ Diethylpropion

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58
Q

Amphetamines (Examples)

shabu/ice

A

Methamphetamins

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59
Q

Amphetamines

Methamphetamines a.ka

A

shabu/ice
Poor man’s ecstasy

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60
Q

Amphetamines (Examples)

Drug used for treatment hyperactive children

A

Methylphenidate

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61
Q

Amphetamines

Examples of Amphetamine-like compounds

A

→ Ephedrine
→ Pseudoephedrine
→ Phenylpropanolamine

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62
Q

Amphetamines (Amphetamine-like compounds)

Content of a chinese drug said to be effective against COVID-19

A

Ephedrine

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63
Q

What is the Chinese drug whose content is Ephemerine

A

lianhua qingwen

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64
Q

Amphetamines (Amphetamine-like compounds)

May elicit hypertension

A

Ephedrine

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65
Q

Amphetamines

Initial effect:

A

increased mental and physical capacity

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66
Q

Amphetamines (Initial effect)

Why is increased mental and physical capacity the initial effect of Amphetamines

A

Because it blocks dopamine receptors in the brain

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67
Q

Amphetamines

Subsequent effects

A

restlessness
irritability
psychosis

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68
Q

Amphetamines
Subsequent effects develops ____

A

Dependence

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69
Q

An amphetamine derivative

A

Ecstasy

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70
Q

Ecstasy

The amphetamine derivative (long name)

A

3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine

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71
Q

A designer drug

A

Ecstasy

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72
Q

Ecstasy

What does a designer drug mean?

A

A modified form of the available drug of abuse

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73
Q

Ecstasy

Effects

A

→ Hallucinations
→ Euphoria
→ Emphatic and emotional response
→ Increased visual
→ Tactile sensitivity

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74
Q

Ecstasy

What effect is the wear off effect

A

Adverse effect

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75
Q

Ecstasy

Enumerate the Adverse effects

A

→ Headaches
→ Nausea
→ Vomiting
→ Anxiety
→ Agitation
→ Impaired memory
→ Violent behavior
→ Tachycardia
→ Hypertension
→ Respiratory depression
→ Seizure
→ Hyperthermia
→ Multiple organ toxicity

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76
Q

Testosterone derivatives

A

Anabolic Steroid

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77
Q

Anabolic steroid

______ derivatives

A

Testosterone

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78
Q

Developed as treatment for male hypogonadism

A

Anabolic steroid

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79
Q

Anabolic steroid

Developed as treatment for _______

A

male hypogonadism

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80
Q

Anabolic steroid:

Recent study shoes it (inc/dec) ______

A

Increase
Muscle mass

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81
Q

Steroids used by athletes are ____

A

anabolic steroids

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82
Q

Anabolic steroid

Enumerate the chronic use effects

A

→ Toxic hepatitis
→ Accelerated atherosclerosis
→ Abnormal platelet aggregation
→ Cardiomegaly
→ Testicular atrophy
→ Sterility and impotence

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83
Q

Group of psychoactive marijuana

A

Cannabinoids

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84
Q

Cannabinoids

Group of ______ found in ______

A

Psychoactive compounds
Marijuana

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85
Q

CNS stimulant

A

Cannabinoids

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86
Q

Cannabinoids

most potent and abundant compound of marijuana

A

Tetrahydrocannabinoid (THC)

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87
Q

Cannabinoids

A lipophilic substance

A

THC

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88
Q

Cannabinoids (THC)

A ____ substance

A

lipophilic

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89
Q

Cannabinoids

Rapidly distributed to hydrophobic compartments

A

THC

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90
Q

Cannabinoids (THC)

Rapidly distributed to _________

A

hydrophobic compartments

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91
Q

Cannabinoids (THC)

Examples of hydrophobic compartments

A

Brain
Fats

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92
Q

Cannabinoids

Can reach the brain within 30 seconds upon exposure

A

THC

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93
Q

Cannabinoids (THC)

Can reach the brain within ______ upon exposure

A

30 seconds

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94
Q

Cannabinoids

A hallucinogen

A

THC

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95
Q

Naturally-derived drug

A

Cannabinoids

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96
Q

Cannabinoids

Naturally-derived drug from the leaves of _____

A

Cannabis sativa

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97
Q

Cannabinoids

Enumerate the effecs:

A

→ Sense of well-being
→ Euphoria

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98
Q

Extreme happiness

A

Euphoria

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99
Q

Cannabinoids (THC)

Adverse effect:

A

memory and intellectual impairment

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100
Q

Cannabinoids

Toxic Effects:

A

→ Paranoia
→ Disorientation
→ Altered physical senses
→ Bronchopulmonary disorders

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101
Q

Cannabinoids

What is the major urinary metabolite

A

11-nor-deltatetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH)

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102
Q

What major urinary metabolite of cannabinoids is detected in drug testing

A

11-nor-deltatetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH)

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103
Q

T/F: 11-nor-deltatetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) CANNOT be detected in urine

A

FALSE: CAN be detected in urine

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104
Q

11-nor-deltatetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH)

Detected in urine:
______ - single THC use

A

Up to 3-5 days

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105
Q

11-nor-deltatetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH)

Detected in urine:
______ - chromic users

A

Up to 4 weeks

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106
Q

11-nor-deltatetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH)

Detected in urine:
Chronic use : ______ (some books)

A

Up to 45 days

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107
Q

Cannabinoids are in ____ (lipophilic substances).

A

adipose tissue

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108
Q

Cannabinoids are in adipose tissue (_______).

A

lipophilic substances

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109
Q

T/F: Cannabinoids are NOT readily excreted in the urine (slow elimination)

A

True

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110
Q

They are eliminated if fats are metabolized

A

Cannabinoids

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111
Q

Cannabinoids

Methods:

A

→ Immunoassay (screening)
→ GC-MS (confirmatory)

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112
Q

a.k.a Crack

A

Cocaine

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113
Q

Cocaine

a.k.a _____

A

Crack

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114
Q

An alkaloid salt

A

Cocaine

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115
Q

Cocaine

An alkaloid salt (_____)

A

ecgonine

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116
Q

Effective local anesthetic for nasopharyngeal surgery

A

Cocaine

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117
Q

Cocaine

Effective local anesthetic for ___________

A

nasopharyngeal surgery

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118
Q

Potent CNS stimulator (excitement, euphoria)

A

Cocoine

119
Q

Cocaine

Potent ____ stimulator (______, ________)

A

CNS
excitement, euphoria

120
Q

Naturally-derived: Coca-plant

A

Cocaine

121
Q

Cocaine

Naturally-derived: _____

A

Coca-plant

122
Q

Cocaine

Naturally-derived: Coca-plant (_______)

A

Erythroxylon coca

123
Q

NOT considered as True Addictive Drug

A

Cocaine

124
Q

Why is Cocaine NOT considered as True Addictive Drug

A

Because they don’t develop dependance

125
Q

Cocaine

Enumerate Toxic effects:

A

→ Overdose
→ Hypertension, arrythmias, seizure, myocardial infarction
→ Uterine malformation
→ Mental retardation
→ Slow mental development
→ Drug dependence (newborns)
→ Sudden death

126
Q

Cocaine

Toxic effect which causes violent behavior

A

Overdoise

127
Q

Cocaine

Toxic effect if parents are taking cocaine

A

Drug dependence (newborns)

128
Q

Cocaine

Why is there a drug dependence in newborns as Toxic effect of cocaine?

A

Because cocaine can cross the placenta

129
Q

Cocaine

What toxic effect is observed bc cocaine has direct toxicity to myocardium

A

Sudden death

130
Q

Cocaine

Sudden death:
Cocaine has direct toxicity to _____

A

myocardium

131
Q

Cocaine

Metabolite

A

benzoylecgonine

132
Q

T/F: benzoylecgonine is NOT detected in urine

A

FALSE; CAN be detected in urine

133
Q

Cocaine

benzoylecgonine:
_____ - single use

A

for 3 days

134
Q

Cocaine

benzoylecgonine
_____ - chronic use

A

For 20 days

135
Q

Capable of analgesia, sedation and anesthesia

A

Opiates

136
Q

Opiates

Capable of _____, _______ and ______.

A

analgesia
sedation
anesthesia

137
Q

Types of Opiates:

A

→ Naturally occurring
→ Chemically modified
→ Synthetic

138
Q

Opiates

Examples of Naturally occuring Opiates

A

Opium
Morphine
Codeine

139
Q

Opiates (Naturally occuring)

Powerful analgesic

A

Morphine

140
Q

Opiates (Naturally occurring)

Used for patients who experiencing excruciating pain

A

Morphine

141
Q

Opiates (Naturally occurring)

Morphine:
Example of excruciating pain

A

Burn
Cancer patients

142
Q

Opiates (Naturally occurring)

Heroin metabolite

A

Morphine

143
Q

Opiates (Naturally occurring)

Mild analgesic and antitussive

A

Codeine

144
Q

Relieves cough

A

Antitussive

145
Q

Opiates

Examples of Chemically modified

A

○ Heroin
○ Hydromorphone
○ Oxycodone

146
Q

Opiates (Chemically modified)

What is the brand name of Hydromorphone

A

Dialudin

147
Q

Opiates (Chemically modified)

What is the brand name for Oxycodone

A

Percodan

148
Q

Opiates

Examples of Synthetic

A

○ Meperidine
○ Methadone
○ Proxyphene
○ Pentazocine
○ Fentanyl

149
Q

Opiates (Synthetic)

What is the brand name of Meperidine

A

Demerol

150
Q

Opiates (Synthetic)

What is the brand name of Methadone

A

Dolophine

151
Q

Opiates (Synthetic)

What is the brand name of Proxyphene

A

Darvon

152
Q

Opiates (Synthetic)

What is the brand name of Pentazocine

A

Talwin

153
Q

Opiates (Synthetic)

What is the brand name of Fentanyl

A

Sublimaze

154
Q

Derived from opium poppy

A

Opiates

155
Q

Opiates

Derived from ______

A

opium poppy

156
Q

High abuse potentia

A

Opiates

157
Q

Opiates

Toxic effect:

A

respiratory acidosis, myoglobinuria, cardiopulmonary failure, pupillary constriction (pin-point pupils)

158
Q

Opiates

Antidote

A

Naloxone

159
Q

Opiates (Antidote)

Brand name for Naloxone

A

Narcan

160
Q

Naloxone are _____ inhibitors

A

Opiate inhibitors

161
Q

What is a type of opiates?

A

Heroin

162
Q

Major drug of abuse (1960’s - 70’s)

A

Heroin

163
Q

Heroin

Major drug of abuse (_______)

A

Major drug of abuse (1960’s - 70’s)

164
Q

Enumerate the forms of Heroin

A

→ No. 4 (China white)
→ No. 3 (Brown sugar)
→ No. 2 and 1

165
Q

Forms of heroin

Purest form

A

No. 4 (China white)

166
Q

Forms of Heroin

Used for smoking

A

No. 3 (Brown sugar)

167
Q

Forms of heroin

unprocessed heroin

A

No. 2 and 1

168
Q

Heroin

Major metabolite

A

→ N-acetylmorphine
→ Morphine

169
Q

Heroin

Major metabolite:
Heroin metabolite

A

Morphine

170
Q

Heroin

Methods

A

Immunoassays (screening)
GC-MS (confirmatory)

171
Q

Heroin (Methods)

Used to detect morphine, and codeine

A

Immunoassays (Screening)

172
Q

Heroin (Methods)

Immunoassay
Used to detect ______, and _____

A

morphine
codeine

173
Q

Phenycyclidine

A.k.a

A

Angel dust
angel hair
peace dust

174
Q

Illicit drug with stimulant, depressant, anesthetic, and hallucinogenic properties

A

Phencyclidine

175
Q

Phencyclidine

Illicit drug with _____, _____, _____, and ______ properties

A

stimulant
depressant
anesthetic
hallucinogenic

176
Q

Lipophilic drug (slow elimination)

A

Phencyclidine

177
Q

During elimination: 10-15% of administered drugs are eliminated and unchanged

A

Phencyclidine

178
Q

Phencyclidine

During elimination: _____ of administered drugs are eliminated and unchanged

A

10-15%

179
Q

Phencyclidine

Enumerate the adverse effect

A

agitation
hostility
paranoia

180
Q

Phencyclidine

Enumerate the overdose effects

A

Stupor
Coma

181
Q

Phencyclidine

Methods

A

→ Immunoassay (screening)
→ GC-MS (confirmatory)

182
Q

Detection of Parent Drugs itself

A

Phenylcyclidine

183
Q

Phencyclidine

detected in urine for up to 30 days after abstinence

A

Chronic user

184
Q

Phencyclidine

Chronic user – detected in urine for up to ____ after abstinence

A

30 days

185
Q

Tranquilizers

A

Sedative-Hypnotics

186
Q

Sedative-Hypnotics a.k.a

A

Tranquilizers

187
Q

CNS depressant

A

Sedetives-Hypnotics

188
Q

Sedative-Hypnotics

Enumerate the overdose effects

A

lethargy
slurred speech
coma
respiratory depression

189
Q

Sedatives-Hypnotics (Overdose)

The most serious toxicity of sedative-hypnotics because it may result to deaath

A

Respiratory depression

190
Q

Most common type of Sedatives-Hypnotics

A

→ Barbiturates
→ Benzodiazepines

191
Q

Sedatives-Hypnotics (Types)

Condensation products of urea and malonic acid

A

Barbituates

192
Q

Sedatives-Hypnotics (Types)

Barbiturates:
Condensation products of ___ and ______

A

urea
malonic acid

193
Q

Sedatives-Hypnotics (Types)

Have higher abuse potential than benzodiazepine

A

Barbiturates

194
Q

Example of Barbiturates

A

✓ Phenobarbital
✓ Amobarbital
✓ Secobarbital, Pentobarbital

195
Q

Barbiturates (Examples)

long acting /Tranquilizers

A

Phenobarbital

196
Q

Barbiturates (Examples)

Intermediate acting

A

Amobarbital

197
Q

Barbiturates (Examples)

Short acting

A

Secobarbital
Pentobarbital

198
Q

Sedatives-Hypnotics (Types)

Treatment for cocaine addiction

A

Benzodiazepines

199
Q

Sedatives-Hypnotics

Benzodiazepines:
Treatment for _______

A

Cocaine addiction

200
Q

Sedatives-Hypnotics

More commonly found in abused and overdosed situation

A

Benzodiazepines

201
Q

Benzodiazepines:

More commonly found in _____ and _____ situation

A

abused
overdosed

202
Q

Sedatives-Hypnotics (Types)

Most widely available

A

Benzodiazepines

203
Q

Benzodiazepines

Enumerate examples:

A

✓ Diazepam
✓ Chlordiazepoxide
✓ Lorazepam

204
Q

Benzodiazepines (Examples)

Brand name of Diazepam

A

Valium

205
Q

Benzodiazepines (Examples)

Minor tranquilizer

A

Diazepam (Valium)

206
Q

Benzodiazepines (Examples)

Rapid control of acute seizure activity

A

Diazepam (Valium)

207
Q

Benzodiazepines (Examples)

Diazepam (Valium):
Rapid control of _______

A

acute seizure activity

208
Q

Sedatives-Hypnotics

Methods used

A

→ Immunoassay (screening)
→ GC-MS (confirmatory)

209
Q

Enumerate the other drugs of abuse

A

a. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
b. Methaqualone (Quaalude)
c. Piperazines
d. Tryptamines

210
Q

Other drugs of abuse

LSD, Lysergide

A

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

211
Q

Other drugs of abuse

Hallucinogen

A

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
Methaqualone (Quaalude)

212
Q

Other drugs of abuse

Most potent pharmacologic material

A

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

213
Q

Other drugs of abuse

Methaqualone a.k.a

A

Quaalude

214
Q

Other drugs of abuse

2,3-disubstituted quinazoline with anesthetic, antihistamine, and antitussive properties

A

Methaqualone (Quaalude)

215
Q

Other drugs of abuse

Methaqualone (Quaalude):

_______________ with anesthetic, antihistamine, and antitussive properties

A

2,3-disubstituted quinazoline

216
Q

Other drugs of abuse

Methaqualone (Quaalude):

2,3-disubstituted quinazoline with _____, _____ , and _______ properties

A

anesthetic
antihistamine
antitussive

217
Q

Other drugs of abuse

Shows the same pleasant feeling as amphetamines (euphoria)

A

Piperazines

218
Q

Other drugs of abuse

Piperazine:
Shows the same pleasant feeling as______ (euphoria)

A

amphetamines

219
Q

Other drugs of abuse

Piperazine:
Enumerate the Major Derivatives

A

→ N-benzylpiperazines (BZP)
→ Phenylpiperazines

220
Q

Other drugs of abuse

Piperazine:
Enumerate the Minor Derivatives

A

→ 1-(3,4-methylene-dioxybenzyl) piperazine (MDMP)
→ 1-(3- trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine (TFMPP/Molly)

221
Q

Other drugs of abuse

Piperazines
Major derivatives: most popular

A

N-benzylpiperazines (BZP)

222
Q

Other drugs of abuse

Piperazines
Minor derivatives: most popular

A

1-(3- trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine (TFMPP/Molly)

223
Q

Other drugs of abuse

Serotonin derivative

A

Tryptamines

224
Q

Other drugs of abuse

Tryptamines
______ derivatives

A

Serotonin

225
Q

Other drugs of abuse

Examples of Tryptamines

A

→ N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
→ Psilocin
→ Ayahuasca

226
Q

Tryptamines (Example)

a.k.a businessman’s lunch

A

N,N-dimethyltryptamine

227
Q

Tryptamines (Examples)

Short term hallucinogen

A

N,N-dimethyltryptamine

228
Q

Tryptamines (Examples)

Hallucinogen

A

Psilocin

229
Q

Tryptamines (Examples)

Component of magic mushroom (psilocybe)

A

Psilocin

230
Q

Tryptamines (Examples)

Tea

A

Ayahausca

231
Q

R.A 916T

a.k.a

A

The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Acts of 2002

232
Q

The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Acts of 2002

a.k.a

A

R.A 9165

233
Q

SCREENING AND CONFIRMATORY DRUG TESTING LABORATORY ORGANIZATION

Head of the Laboratory:

A

Pathologist
Doctor

234
Q

A doctor can be the head of laboratory IF ______

A

they undergo training under DOH for laboratory management

235
Q

SCREENING AND CONFIRMATORY DRUG TESTING LABORATORY ORGANIZATION

Analysts

A

→ Medical technologist
→ Pharmacist
→ Chemist
→ Nurses

236
Q

The aforementioned analyst are eligible for the position IF:

A

they all undergone training in drug testing reference laboratory of the Philippines

237
Q

What is the drug testing reference laboratory of the Philippines?

A

East Avenue Medical Center

238
Q

Enumerate the Authorized Specimen Collector

A

College undergraduates

239
Q

Give the purpose of Authorized Specimen Collector

A

○ Observe specimen collection
○ Assess collected specimen

240
Q

SPECIMEN COLLECTION

What are the types of Collection Site

A

a. Within the Laboratory
b. Remote Collection Site

241
Q

Collection site

What are the requirements for Within the Laboratory type

A

Clean, adequate space, private secured area for specimen/documents

242
Q

Collection site

Within the Laboratory:
For ________

A

For mandatory drug testing, except criminals

243
Q

Collection site

Type of collection site where it is done in Workplace, school, jail, rehabilitation facility, site of crime

A

Remote collection site

244
Q

Collection site

Where is Remote Collection Site performed?

A

Workplace
school
jail
rehabilitation facility
site of crime

245
Q

Collection site

Remote collection site are for _____

A

Critically ill/disable

246
Q

Collection site

Remote Collection Site is Required to have a permit from _____ __ days prior

A

BHFS-CHD
10

247
Q

T/F: All collection site should NOT have a water source

A

True

248
Q

Why all collection sites should NOT have a water source?

A

To prevent specimen tampering or contamination

249
Q

Collection procedure

What are the accepted specimens

A

Urine
Saliva
Blood
Hair
Sweat
Clippings

250
Q

Among all the accepted specimens, which is most commonly used?

A

Urine

251
Q

Types of Collection Procedure

A

a. Observed Collection
b. Unobserved Collection

252
Q

Collection Procedure

Collection of specimens in the presence of authorized specimen collector (ASC)

A

Observed Collection

253
Q

T/F: In observed collection, gender does not matter between the patient and ASC

A

FALSE; If the patient is a woman, ASC should also be a woman. And vice versa

254
Q

Collection Procedure

Prevent adulteration of specimen

A

Observed Collection

255
Q

Collection Procedure

During collection, the things should be outside the collection area.

A

Observed Collection

256
Q

Enumerate the substances used to tamper urine specimens

A

●Water
●Liquid soap
●Bleach
●Salt (second most common)
●Vinegar
●Ammonia
●Baking soda
●Glutaraldehyde
●Potassium Nitrate
●Lemon juice
●Cologne

257
Q

Among all substances used to tamper urine specimens, which is the most commonly used?

A

Water

258
Q

Among all the substances used to tamper urine specimens, which is the second most commonly used?

A

Salt

259
Q

Collection procedure

In the absence of ASC

A

Unobserved Collection

260
Q

Collection Procedure

Submitted specimen

A

Unobserved Collection

261
Q

Collection Procedure

Subjected to Validity test

A

Unobserved Collection

262
Q

Unobserved Collection

If urine; subjected to ______

A

urine validity testing

263
Q

Unobserved Collection (Urine Validity Testing)

Urine is adulterated IF:
✓ Urine creatinine - _______
✓ Specific gravity - ________

A

✓ Urine creatinine - <20 mg/dL
✓ Specific gravity - <1.003 (no longer a urine)

264
Q

Unobserved Collection

Detection of urinary constituents

A

Microscopy

265
Q

Unobserved Collection

Examples of urinary constituents detected in Microscopy

A

✓ Epithelial cells
✓ Amorphous crystals

266
Q

Laboratory Analyses

Rapid identification of drugs or drugs present in clinical specimens

A

Screening Tests

267
Q

Laboratory Analyses

Qualitative

A

Screening Tests

268
Q

Laboratory Analyses

High sensitivity, lack sensitivity

A

Screening Test

269
Q

Laboratory Analyses

Screening Tests
High _______, lack ______

A

High sensitivity, lack sensitivity

270
Q

T/F: Positive screening requires confirmatory

A

True

271
Q

Laboratory Analyses

Enumerate the Screening Tests Methods

A

→ Thin-layer Chromatography
→ Gas-liquid Chromatography
→ Colorimetric “spot” test

272
Q

Screening Tests (Methods)

Can be used as confirmatory test for drugs detected by TLC

A

Gas-liquid Chromatography

273
Q

Screening Tests (Methods)

Relies on the analyst’s vision

A

Colorimetric “spot” test

274
Q

Screening Tests (Methods)

Subjective

A

Colorimetric “spot” test

275
Q

Laboratory Analyses

To confirm, quantify drugs found in patient’s serum or urine using screening methods

A

Confirmatory Tests

276
Q

Laboratory Analyses (Confirmatory Tests)

T/F: Specimen used that yields a positive result in the screening test must be the same specimen to be used in confirmatory testing

A

True

277
Q

Laboratory Analyses

Confirmatory Tests:
T/F: Shouldered by the patient

A

FALSE; Shouldered by the testing laboratory

278
Q

Laboratory Analyses

Enumerate the Confirmatory Test Methods

A

→ Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay technique
→ Gas-Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

279
Q

Confirmatory Tests (Methods)

Utilized antibodies to detect drugs

A

Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay technique

280
Q

Confirmatory Tests (Methods)

Antigen-antibody reaction

A

Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay technique

281
Q

Confirmatory Tests (Methods)

1st line confirmatory

A

Gas-Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

282
Q

Confirmatory Tests (Methods)

Reference Method

A

Gas-Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

283
Q

T/F: GC/MS can detect low levels of drugs

A

TRUE

284
Q

GC/MS is a ____ method

A

Coupled Method

285
Q

GC/MS

detects presence of specific compound

A

GC

286
Q

GC/MS

quantitate the compound detected

A

MS

287
Q

GC/MS

According to _______: In the absence of GC/MS, any method is valid provided that it is completely (similar/different) from the ________ used.

A

R.A 9165
different
screening method

288
Q

What is only detected by confirmatory tests

A

Drug cut-off levels

289
Q

What is the sign in Drug cut-off levels in Urine

A

ng/mL

290
Q

DRUG CUT-OFF LEVELS (ng/mL) IN URINE

Amphetamines
EMIT: _____
GC-MS: ______

A

EMIT: 500
GC-MS: 250

291
Q

DRUG CUT-OFF LEVELS (ng/mL) IN URINE

Marijuana
EMIT: _____
GC-MS: ______

A

EMIT: 50
GC-MS: 25

292
Q

DRUG CUT-OFF LEVELS (ng/mL) IN URINE

Cocaine
EMIT: _____
GC-MS: ______

A

EMIT: 150
GC-MS: 100

293
Q

DRUG CUT-OFF LEVELS (ng/mL) IN URINE

Opiates
EMIT: _____
GC-MS: ______

A

EMIT: 2000
GC-MS: 2000

294
Q

DRUG CUT-OFF LEVELS (ng/mL) IN URINE

Phencyclidine
EMIT: _____
GC-MS: ______

A

EMIT: 25
GC-MS: 25

[LECT] CC 2 - Finals (9 decks)

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