[M8] Part 2: Toxicology Flashcards by Marlo Roque

Enumerate the therapeutic drugs

Salicylates
Acetaminophen

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Other name for Salicylates

Acetylsalicylic acid or Aspirin

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Common analgesic, antipyretic, and anticoagulant

Salicylates

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Relieves pain

Analgesic

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Anti-fever

Antipyretic

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Blocks cyclooxygenase reducing thromboxane and prostaglandins

Salicylates

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Salicylates

Blocks _______ reducing _______ and _______

cyclooxygenase

thromboxane

prostaglandins

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Salicylates

important for blood coagulation

Thromboxane and prostaglandins

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Salicylates

Adverse effects:

→ Platelet aggregation inhibition
→ Gastrointestinal function interference
→ Rye Syndrome in Children
→ Viral infection

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Salicylates (Toxicity)

Serum level of _____ ingestion denotes toxicity

> 90 mg/dL

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Salicylates (Toxicity)

Enumerate the Acute ingestion (high doses)

→ Metabolic acidosis
→ Respiratory alkalosis
→ Inhibits Kreb’s cycle
→ Ketone formation
→ Death

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Salicylates (Toxicity)

Occurs because salicylates are acids

Metabolic acidosis

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Salicylates (Toxicity)

Salicylate has direct stimulation respiratory center = hyperventilation

Respiratory alkalosis

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Salicylates (Toxicity)

Respiratory alkalosis:
Salicylate has direct stimulation _______ = ______

respiratory center
hyperventilation

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Salicylate (Toxicity)

Increasing lactate and pyruvate formation

Inhibit Kreb’s cycle

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Salicylate (Toxicity)

Inhibits Kreb’s cycle:
Increasing _____ and_____ formation

lactate
pyruvate

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Salicylates (Toxicity)

Inhibit Kreb’s cycle:
The increase in lactate and pyruvate formation could lead to ____

muscle cramps

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Salicylates (Toxicity)

Treatment:

→ Neutralization and Elimination
→ Maintaining electrolyte imbalance

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Salicylates

Mention the method used in its Analysis

● Gas Chromatography
● Liquid Chromatography
● Chromogenic Assay

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Salicylates (Analysis)

highest analytical sensitivity

Liquid Chromatography

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Salicylates (Analysis)

What type of Reaction is used in Chromogenic Assay

Trinder reaction

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Salicylates (Analysis)

Chemical reaction of Chromogenic Assay

Salicylate + ferric nitrate —> colored complex

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Salicylates (Analysis)

Reagent used in Chromogenic Assay

Ferric nitrate

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Salicylates (Analysis)

Chromogenic assay is measured _______

spectrophotometrically

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Acetaminophen a.k.a

Paracetamol

Paracetamol is what type of Therapeutic drugs

Acetaminophen

Famous US brand of Acetaminophen

Tylenol

Common analgesic

Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen common ____

analgesic

Overdose is associated with severe hepatotoxicity

Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen Overdose is associated with _______

severe hepatotoxicity

Acetaminophen Overdose value:

300 ug/mL 2 hours after ingestion

predicts acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage based on serum concentration at a known time after ingestion

Rumack-Matthew Nomogram

Acetaminophen Rumack-Matthew Nomogram predicts acetaminophen-induced ______ based on ________ at a known time after ingestion

hepatic damage serum concentration

Acetaminophen A graphical presentation

Rumack-Matthew Nomogram

Acetaminophen If the toxic concentration is reached, it it subjective of acetaminophen induced hepatic damage

Rumack-Matthew Nomogram

Acetaminophen Rumack-Matthew Nomogram: If the toxic concentration is reached, it it subjective of_________________________

acetaminophen induced hepatic damage

Acetaminophen Should NOT be used among ethanol abused patients.

Rumack-Matthew Nomogram

Acetaminophen Rumack-Matthew Nomogram: Should NOT be used among ______ patients.

ethanol abused

Acetaminophen Why is Rumack-Matthew Nomogram not used among ethanol abused patients?

They metabolize acetaminophen at rapid rate

Acetaminophen Enumerate the methods used in Analysis

Immunoassay HPLC

Acetaminophen (Analysis) Commonly used

Immunoassay

Acetaminophen (Analysis) Reference method

HPLC

Enumerate the drugs of abuse

1. Amphetamines 2. Ecstasy 3. Anabolic Steroid 4. Cannabinoids 5. Cocaine 6. Opiates 7. Phencyclidine 8. Sedatives-Hypnotics

Its most common form is Shabu

Amphetamines

Amphetamines Most common form _____

Shabu

Used for treatment for narcolepsy and attention deficit disorder

Amphetamines

Amphetamines Used for treatment for ______ and __________

narcolepsy attention deficit disorder

uncontrolled sleeping

Narcolepsy

Has low therapeutic dose

Amphetamins

Very close to toxic dose

Amphetamines

Develops tolerance → Has high potential abuse

Amphetamins

Drug for reducing weight

Amphetamines

Amphetamines Drug for reducing weight → It may induce ________

Anorexia nervosa

Blocks dopamine receptors in the brain

Amphetamines

Amphetamines Blocks _______ in the brain

Blocks dopamine receptors in the brain

Examples of Amphetamines

→ Amphetamines → Methamphetamines → Methylphenidate → Benzphenidate → Diethylpropion

Amphetamines (Examples) shabu/ice

Methamphetamins

Amphetamines Methamphetamines a.ka

shabu/ice Poor man’s ecstasy

Amphetamines (Examples) Drug used for treatment hyperactive children

Methylphenidate

Amphetamines Examples of Amphetamine-like compounds

→ Ephedrine → Pseudoephedrine → Phenylpropanolamine

Amphetamines (Amphetamine-like compounds) Content of a chinese drug said to be effective against COVID-19

Ephedrine

What is the Chinese drug whose content is Ephemerine

lianhua qingwen

Amphetamines (Amphetamine-like compounds) May elicit hypertension

Ephedrine

Amphetamines Initial effect:

increased mental and physical capacity

Amphetamines (Initial effect) Why is increased mental and physical capacity the initial effect of Amphetamines

Because it blocks dopamine receptors in the brain

Amphetamines Subsequent effects

restlessness irritability psychosis

Amphetamines Subsequent effects develops ____

Dependence

An amphetamine derivative

Ecstasy

Ecstasy The amphetamine derivative (long name)

3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine

A designer drug

Ecstasy

Ecstasy What does a designer drug mean?

A modified form of the available drug of abuse

Ecstasy Effects

→ Hallucinations → Euphoria → Emphatic and emotional response → Increased visual → Tactile sensitivity

Ecstasy What effect is the wear off effect

Adverse effect

Ecstasy Enumerate the Adverse effects

→ Headaches → Nausea → Vomiting → Anxiety → Agitation → Impaired memory → Violent behavior → Tachycardia → Hypertension → Respiratory depression → Seizure → Hyperthermia → Multiple organ toxicity

Testosterone derivatives

Anabolic Steroid

Anabolic steroid ______ derivatives

Testosterone

Developed as treatment for male hypogonadism

Anabolic steroid

Anabolic steroid Developed as treatment for _______

male hypogonadism

Anabolic steroid: Recent study shoes it (inc/dec) ______

Increase Muscle mass

Steroids used by athletes are ____

anabolic steroids

Anabolic steroid Enumerate the chronic use effects

→ Toxic hepatitis → Accelerated atherosclerosis → Abnormal platelet aggregation → Cardiomegaly → Testicular atrophy → Sterility and impotence

Group of psychoactive marijuana

Cannabinoids

Cannabinoids Group of ______ found in ______

Psychoactive compounds Marijuana

CNS stimulant

Cannabinoids

Cannabinoids most potent and abundant compound of marijuana

Tetrahydrocannabinoid (THC)

Cannabinoids A lipophilic substance

THC

Cannabinoids (THC) A ____ substance

lipophilic

Cannabinoids Rapidly distributed to hydrophobic compartments

THC

Cannabinoids (THC) Rapidly distributed to _________

hydrophobic compartments

Cannabinoids (THC) Examples of hydrophobic compartments

Brain Fats

Cannabinoids Can reach the brain within 30 seconds upon exposure

THC

Cannabinoids (THC) Can reach the brain within ______ upon exposure

30 seconds

Cannabinoids A hallucinogen

THC

Naturally-derived drug

Cannabinoids

Cannabinoids Naturally-derived drug from the leaves of _____

Cannabis sativa

Cannabinoids Enumerate the effecs:

→ Sense of well-being → Euphoria

Extreme happiness

Euphoria

Cannabinoids (THC) Adverse effect:

memory and intellectual impairment

Cannabinoids Toxic Effects:

→ Paranoia → Disorientation → Altered physical senses → Bronchopulmonary disorders

Cannabinoids What is the major urinary metabolite

11-nor-deltatetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH)

What major urinary metabolite of cannabinoids is detected in drug testing

11-nor-deltatetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH)

T/F: 11-nor-deltatetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) CANNOT be detected in urine

FALSE: CAN be detected in urine

11-nor-deltatetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) Detected in urine: ______ - single THC use

Up to 3-5 days

11-nor-deltatetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) Detected in urine: ______ - chromic users

Up to 4 weeks

11-nor-deltatetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) Detected in urine: Chronic use : ______ (some books)

Up to 45 days

Cannabinoids are in ____ (lipophilic substances).

adipose tissue

Cannabinoids are in adipose tissue (_______).

lipophilic substances

T/F: Cannabinoids are NOT readily excreted in the urine (slow elimination)

True

They are eliminated if fats are metabolized

Cannabinoids

Cannabinoids Methods:

→ Immunoassay (screening) → GC-MS (confirmatory)

a.k.a Crack

Cocaine

Cocaine a.k.a _____

Crack

An alkaloid salt

Cocaine

Cocaine An alkaloid salt (_____)

ecgonine

Effective local anesthetic for nasopharyngeal surgery

Cocaine

Cocaine Effective local anesthetic for ___________

nasopharyngeal surgery

Potent CNS stimulator (excitement, euphoria)

Cocoine

Cocaine Potent ____ stimulator (______, ________)

CNS excitement, euphoria

Naturally-derived: Coca-plant

Cocaine

Cocaine Naturally-derived: _____

Coca-plant

Cocaine Naturally-derived: Coca-plant (_______)

Erythroxylon coca

NOT considered as True Addictive Drug

Cocaine

Why is Cocaine NOT considered as True Addictive Drug

Because they don’t develop dependance

Cocaine Enumerate Toxic effects:

→ Overdose → Hypertension, arrythmias, seizure, myocardial infarction → Uterine malformation → Mental retardation → Slow mental development → Drug dependence (newborns) → Sudden death

Cocaine Toxic effect which causes violent behavior

Overdoise

Cocaine Toxic effect if parents are taking cocaine

Drug dependence (newborns)

Cocaine Why is there a drug dependence in newborns as Toxic effect of cocaine?

Because cocaine can cross the placenta

Cocaine What toxic effect is observed bc cocaine has direct toxicity to myocardium

Sudden death

Cocaine Sudden death: Cocaine has direct toxicity to _____

myocardium

Cocaine Metabolite

benzoylecgonine

T/F: benzoylecgonine is NOT detected in urine

FALSE; CAN be detected in urine

Cocaine benzoylecgonine: _____ - single use

for 3 days

Cocaine benzoylecgonine _____ - chronic use

For 20 days

Capable of analgesia, sedation and anesthesia

Opiates

Opiates Capable of _____, _______ and ______.

analgesia sedation anesthesia

Types of Opiates:

→ Naturally occurring → Chemically modified → Synthetic

Opiates Examples of Naturally occuring Opiates

Opium Morphine Codeine

Opiates (Naturally occuring) Powerful analgesic

Morphine

Opiates (Naturally occurring) Used for patients who experiencing excruciating pain

Morphine

Opiates (Naturally occurring) Morphine: Example of excruciating pain

Burn Cancer patients

Opiates (Naturally occurring) Heroin metabolite

Morphine

Opiates (Naturally occurring) Mild analgesic and antitussive

Codeine

Relieves cough

Antitussive

Opiates Examples of Chemically modified

○ Heroin ○ Hydromorphone ○ Oxycodone

Opiates (Chemically modified) What is the brand name of Hydromorphone

Dialudin

Opiates (Chemically modified) What is the brand name for Oxycodone

Percodan

Opiates Examples of Synthetic

○ Meperidine ○ Methadone ○ Proxyphene ○ Pentazocine ○ Fentanyl

Opiates (Synthetic) What is the brand name of Meperidine

Demerol

Opiates (Synthetic) What is the brand name of Methadone

Dolophine

Opiates (Synthetic) What is the brand name of Proxyphene

Darvon

Opiates (Synthetic) What is the brand name of Pentazocine

Talwin

Opiates (Synthetic) What is the brand name of Fentanyl

Sublimaze

Derived from opium poppy

Opiates

Opiates Derived from ______

opium poppy

High abuse potentia

Opiates

Opiates Toxic effect:

respiratory acidosis, myoglobinuria, cardiopulmonary failure, pupillary constriction (pin-point pupils)

Opiates Antidote

Naloxone

Opiates (Antidote) Brand name for Naloxone

Narcan

Naloxone are _____ inhibitors

Opiate inhibitors

What is a type of opiates?

Heroin

Major drug of abuse (1960’s - 70’s)

Heroin

Heroin Major drug of abuse (_______)

Major drug of abuse (1960’s - 70’s)

Enumerate the forms of Heroin

→ No. 4 (China white) → No. 3 (Brown sugar) → No. 2 and 1

Forms of heroin Purest form

No. 4 (China white)

Forms of Heroin Used for smoking

No. 3 (Brown sugar)

Forms of heroin unprocessed heroin

No. 2 and 1

Heroin Major metabolite

→ N-acetylmorphine → Morphine

Heroin Major metabolite: Heroin metabolite

Morphine

Heroin Methods

Immunoassays (screening) GC-MS (confirmatory)

Heroin (Methods) Used to detect morphine, and codeine

Immunoassays (Screening)

Heroin (Methods) Immunoassay Used to detect ______, and _____

morphine codeine

Phenycyclidine A.k.a

Angel dust angel hair peace dust

Illicit drug with stimulant, depressant, anesthetic, and hallucinogenic properties

Phencyclidine

Phencyclidine Illicit drug with _____, _____, _____, and ______ properties

stimulant depressant anesthetic hallucinogenic

Lipophilic drug (slow elimination)

Phencyclidine

During elimination: 10-15% of administered drugs are eliminated and unchanged

Phencyclidine

Phencyclidine During elimination: _____ of administered drugs are eliminated and unchanged

10-15%

Phencyclidine Enumerate the adverse effect

agitation hostility paranoia

Phencyclidine Enumerate the overdose effects

Stupor Coma

Phencyclidine Methods

→ Immunoassay (screening) → GC-MS (confirmatory)

Detection of Parent Drugs itself

Phenylcyclidine

Phencyclidine detected in urine for up to 30 days after abstinence

Chronic user

Phencyclidine Chronic user – detected in urine for up to ____ after abstinence

30 days

Tranquilizers

Sedative-Hypnotics

Sedative-Hypnotics a.k.a

Tranquilizers

CNS depressant

Sedetives-Hypnotics

Sedative-Hypnotics Enumerate the overdose effects

lethargy slurred speech coma respiratory depression

Sedatives-Hypnotics (Overdose) The most serious toxicity of sedative-hypnotics because it may result to deaath

Respiratory depression

Most common type of Sedatives-Hypnotics

→ Barbiturates → Benzodiazepines

Sedatives-Hypnotics (Types) Condensation products of urea and malonic acid

Barbituates

Sedatives-Hypnotics (Types) Barbiturates: Condensation products of ___ and ______

urea malonic acid

Sedatives-Hypnotics (Types) Have higher abuse potential than benzodiazepine

Barbiturates

Example of Barbiturates

✓ Phenobarbital ✓ Amobarbital ✓ Secobarbital, Pentobarbital

Barbiturates (Examples) long acting /Tranquilizers

Phenobarbital

Barbiturates (Examples) Intermediate acting

Amobarbital

Barbiturates (Examples) Short acting

Secobarbital Pentobarbital

Sedatives-Hypnotics (Types) Treatment for cocaine addiction

Benzodiazepines

Sedatives-Hypnotics Benzodiazepines: Treatment for _______

Cocaine addiction

Sedatives-Hypnotics More commonly found in abused and overdosed situation

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines: More commonly found in _____ and _____ situation

abused overdosed

Sedatives-Hypnotics (Types) Most widely available

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines Enumerate examples:

✓ Diazepam ✓ Chlordiazepoxide ✓ Lorazepam

Benzodiazepines (Examples) Brand name of Diazepam

Valium

Benzodiazepines (Examples) Minor tranquilizer

Diazepam (Valium)

Benzodiazepines (Examples) Rapid control of acute seizure activity

Diazepam (Valium)

Benzodiazepines (Examples) Diazepam (Valium): Rapid control of _______

acute seizure activity

Sedatives-Hypnotics Methods used

→ Immunoassay (screening) → GC-MS (confirmatory)

Enumerate the other drugs of abuse

a. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) b. Methaqualone (Quaalude) c. Piperazines d. Tryptamines

Other drugs of abuse LSD, Lysergide

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

Other drugs of abuse Hallucinogen

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) Methaqualone (Quaalude)

Other drugs of abuse Most potent pharmacologic material

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

Other drugs of abuse Methaqualone a.k.a

Quaalude

Other drugs of abuse 2,3-disubstituted quinazoline with anesthetic, antihistamine, and antitussive properties

Methaqualone (Quaalude)

Other drugs of abuse Methaqualone (Quaalude): _______________ with anesthetic, antihistamine, and antitussive properties

2,3-disubstituted quinazoline

Other drugs of abuse Methaqualone (Quaalude): 2,3-disubstituted quinazoline with _____, _____ , and _______ properties

anesthetic antihistamine antitussive

Other drugs of abuse Shows the same pleasant feeling as amphetamines (euphoria)

Piperazines

Other drugs of abuse Piperazine: Shows the same pleasant feeling as______ (euphoria)

amphetamines

Other drugs of abuse Piperazine: Enumerate the Major Derivatives

→ N-benzylpiperazines (BZP) → Phenylpiperazines

Other drugs of abuse Piperazine: Enumerate the Minor Derivatives

→ 1-(3,4-methylene-dioxybenzyl) piperazine (MDMP) → 1-(3- trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine (TFMPP/Molly)

Other drugs of abuse Piperazines Major derivatives: most popular

N-benzylpiperazines (BZP)

Other drugs of abuse Piperazines Minor derivatives: most popular

1-(3- trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine (TFMPP/Molly)

Other drugs of abuse Serotonin derivative

Tryptamines

Other drugs of abuse Tryptamines ______ derivatives

Serotonin

Other drugs of abuse Examples of Tryptamines

→ N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) → Psilocin → Ayahuasca

Tryptamines (Example) a.k.a businessman’s lunch

N,N-dimethyltryptamine

Tryptamines (Examples) Short term hallucinogen

N,N-dimethyltryptamine

Tryptamines (Examples) Hallucinogen

Psilocin

Tryptamines (Examples) Component of magic mushroom (psilocybe)

Psilocin

Tryptamines (Examples) Tea

Ayahausca

R.A 916T a.k.a

The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Acts of 2002

The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Acts of 2002 a.k.a

R.A 9165

SCREENING AND CONFIRMATORY DRUG TESTING LABORATORY ORGANIZATION Head of the Laboratory:

Pathologist Doctor

A doctor can be the head of laboratory IF ______

they undergo training under DOH for laboratory management

SCREENING AND CONFIRMATORY DRUG TESTING LABORATORY ORGANIZATION Analysts

→ Medical technologist → Pharmacist → Chemist → Nurses

The aforementioned analyst are eligible for the position IF:

they all undergone training in drug testing reference laboratory of the Philippines

What is the drug testing reference laboratory of the Philippines?

East Avenue Medical Center

Enumerate the Authorized Specimen Collector

College undergraduates

Give the purpose of Authorized Specimen Collector

○ Observe specimen collection ○ Assess collected specimen

SPECIMEN COLLECTION What are the types of Collection Site

a. Within the Laboratory b. Remote Collection Site

Collection site What are the requirements for Within the Laboratory type

Clean, adequate space, private secured area for specimen/documents

Collection site Within the Laboratory: For ________

For mandatory drug testing, except criminals

Collection site Type of collection site where it is done in Workplace, school, jail, rehabilitation facility, site of crime

Remote collection site

Collection site Where is Remote Collection Site performed?

Workplace school jail rehabilitation facility site of crime

Collection site Remote collection site are for _____

Critically ill/disable

Collection site Remote Collection Site is Required to have a permit from _____ __ days prior

BHFS-CHD 10

T/F: All collection site should NOT have a water source

True

Why all collection sites should NOT have a water source?

To prevent specimen tampering or contamination

Collection procedure What are the accepted specimens

Urine Saliva Blood Hair Sweat Clippings

Among all the accepted specimens, which is most commonly used?

Urine

Types of Collection Procedure

a. Observed Collection b. Unobserved Collection

Collection Procedure Collection of specimens in the presence of authorized specimen collector (ASC)

Observed Collection

T/F: In observed collection, gender does not matter between the patient and ASC

FALSE; If the patient is a woman, ASC should also be a woman. And vice versa

Collection Procedure Prevent adulteration of specimen

Observed Collection

Collection Procedure During collection, the things should be outside the collection area.

Observed Collection

Enumerate the substances used to tamper urine specimens

●Water ●Liquid soap ●Bleach ●Salt (second most common) ●Vinegar ●Ammonia ●Baking soda ●Glutaraldehyde ●Potassium Nitrate ●Lemon juice ●Cologne

Among all substances used to tamper urine specimens, which is the most commonly used?

Water

Among all the substances used to tamper urine specimens, which is the second most commonly used?

Salt

Collection procedure In the absence of ASC

Unobserved Collection

Collection Procedure Submitted specimen

Unobserved Collection

Collection Procedure Subjected to Validity test

Unobserved Collection

Unobserved Collection If urine; subjected to ______

urine validity testing

Unobserved Collection (Urine Validity Testing) Urine is adulterated IF: ✓ Urine creatinine - _______ ✓ Specific gravity - ________

✓ Urine creatinine - <20 mg/dL ✓ Specific gravity - <1.003 (no longer a urine)

Unobserved Collection Detection of urinary constituents

Microscopy

Unobserved Collection Examples of urinary constituents detected in Microscopy

✓ Epithelial cells ✓ Amorphous crystals

Laboratory Analyses Rapid identification of drugs or drugs present in clinical specimens

Screening Tests

Laboratory Analyses Qualitative

Screening Tests

Laboratory Analyses High sensitivity, lack sensitivity

Screening Test

Laboratory Analyses Screening Tests High _______, lack ______

High sensitivity, lack sensitivity

T/F: Positive screening requires confirmatory

True

Laboratory Analyses Enumerate the Screening Tests Methods

→ Thin-layer Chromatography → Gas-liquid Chromatography → Colorimetric “spot” test

Screening Tests (Methods) Can be used as confirmatory test for drugs detected by TLC

Gas-liquid Chromatography

Screening Tests (Methods) Relies on the analyst’s vision

Colorimetric “spot” test

Screening Tests (Methods) Subjective

Colorimetric “spot” test

Laboratory Analyses To confirm, quantify drugs found in patient’s serum or urine using screening methods

Confirmatory Tests

Laboratory Analyses (Confirmatory Tests) T/F: Specimen used that yields a positive result in the screening test must be the same specimen to be used in confirmatory testing

True

Laboratory Analyses Confirmatory Tests: T/F: Shouldered by the patient

FALSE; Shouldered by the testing laboratory

Laboratory Analyses Enumerate the Confirmatory Test Methods

→ Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay technique → Gas-Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Confirmatory Tests (Methods) Utilized antibodies to detect drugs

Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay technique

Confirmatory Tests (Methods) Antigen-antibody reaction

Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay technique

Confirmatory Tests (Methods) 1st line confirmatory

Gas-Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Confirmatory Tests (Methods) Reference Method

Gas-Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

T/F: GC/MS can detect low levels of drugs

TRUE

GC/MS is a ____ method

Coupled Method

GC/MS detects presence of specific compound

GC/MS quantitate the compound detected

GC/MS According to _______: In the absence of GC/MS, any method is valid provided that it is completely (similar/different) from the ________ used.

R.A 9165 different screening method

What is only detected by confirmatory tests

Drug cut-off levels

What is the sign in Drug cut-off levels in Urine

ng/mL

DRUG CUT-OFF LEVELS (ng/mL) IN URINE Amphetamines EMIT: _____ GC-MS: ______

EMIT: 500 GC-MS: 250

DRUG CUT-OFF LEVELS (ng/mL) IN URINE Marijuana EMIT: _____ GC-MS: ______

EMIT: 50 GC-MS: 25

DRUG CUT-OFF LEVELS (ng/mL) IN URINE Cocaine EMIT: _____ GC-MS: ______

EMIT: 150 GC-MS: 100

DRUG CUT-OFF LEVELS (ng/mL) IN URINE Opiates EMIT: _____ GC-MS: ______

EMIT: 2000 GC-MS: 2000

DRUG CUT-OFF LEVELS (ng/mL) IN URINE Phencyclidine EMIT: _____ GC-MS: ______

EMIT: 25 GC-MS: 25

[M8] Part 2: Toxicology Flashcards

(294 cards)