Macro Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
Separates cell components from the environment and regulates material flow; helps maintain homeostasis.
What types of transport do not require energy?
Passive transport: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis.
Define diffusion.
Movement of small particles from high to low concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.
Define osmosis.
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from high to low concentration.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Movement of larger molecules through the membrane via protein channels.
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
Water leaves the cell causing it to shrivel.
What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?
Water enters the cell causing it to swell and possibly burst.
What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?
Water moves in and out at equal rates; the cell remains the same size.
What is active transport?
Movement of molecules from low to high concentration using energy.
What are protein pumps?
Proteins that pump molecules against the concentration gradient.
What is endocytosis?
Process where the cell engulfs large molecules into the cell.
What is exocytosis?
Process where the cell expels large molecules outside the cell.
Who discovered cells by observing cork slices?
Robert Hooke.
Who discovered single-celled organisms and called them ‘animalcules’?
Anton van Leuwenhoek.
What theory believed life could arise spontaneously?
Spontaneous Generation.
Who disproved spontaneous generation?
Louis Pasteur.
State the three main points of the classical Cell Theory.
1) All living things are composed of cells. 2) Cells are the basic unit of life. 3) All cells come from preexisting cells.
What additional statements are part of the Modern Cell Theory?
Cells contain hereditary info, are chemically similar, carry out chemical functions, and depend on subcellular structures.
What are the four major types of macromolecules?
Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids.
Define monomer.
A single unit by itself.
Define polymer.
A repeating chain of monomers bonded together.
What is the function of carbohydrates?
Provides quick energy and cell support.
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide.
What elements make up lipids?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (plus Nitrogen and Phosphorus for some lipids).
