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Major Hormones Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

What are the target cells of the hypothalamus?

A

Anterior pituitary

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2
Q

Function: hypothalamus

A

Control release of anterior pituitary hormones

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3
Q

What hormones does the posterior pituitary release?

A

Vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin

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4
Q

What are the target cells of vasopressin?

A

Kidney tubules

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5
Q

Function: vasopressin

A

Increase water reabsorption

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6
Q

What are the target cells of oxytocin?

A

Arterioles, uterus, and mammary glands

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7
Q

Function: oxytocin in arterioles

A

Vasoconstriction

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8
Q

Function: oxytocin in uterus

A

Increase contractility

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9
Q

Function: oxytocin in mammary glands

A

Cause milk ejection

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10
Q

What hormones does the anterior pituitary release?

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone; adrenocorticotropic hormone; growth hormone; follicle-stimulating hormone; luteinizing hormone; and prolactin

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11
Q

Target cells: thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

Thyroid follicular cells

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12
Q

Function: thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

Stimulates T3 and T4 secretion

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13
Q

Target cells: adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

Zona fasciculata and Zona reticularis of adrenal cortex

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14
Q

Function: adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

Stimulate cortisol release

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15
Q

Target cells: growth hormone

A

Bone, soft tissues, and liver

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16
Q

Function: growth hormone in bones and soft tissues

A

Stimulate growth

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17
Q

Function: growth hormone in liver

A

Stimulate somatomedin secretion

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18
Q

Target cells: follicle-stimulating hormone

A

Females – ovarian follicles; males – seminiferous tubules

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19
Q

Function: follicle-stimulating hormone in females

A

Promote follicular growth and development; stimulate estrogen secretion

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20
Q

Function: follicle-stimulating hormone in males

A

Stimulate sperm production

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21
Q

Target cells: luteinizing hormone

A

Females – ovarian follicle and corpus luteum; males – interstitial cells of Leydig in testes

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22
Q

Function: luteinizing hormone in females

A

Stimulate ovulation, corpus luteum development, and estrogen and progesterone secretion

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23
Q

Function: luteinizing hormone in males

A

Stimulate testosterone secretion

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24
Q

Target cells: prolactin

A

Females – mammary glands; males – uncertain

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25
Function: prolactin in females
Promote breast development and stimulate milk secretion
26
Function: prolactin in males
Uncertain
27
What hormones does the thyroid gland secrete?
T3 and T4
28
What hormone does thyroid gland C cells secrete?
Calcitonin
29
Target cells: T3 and T4
Most cells
30
Function: T3 and T4
Increase metabolic rate (essential for normal growth and nerve development)
31
Target cells: calcitonin
Bone
32
Function: calcitonin
Decrease plasma calcium concentration
33
What hormone(s) does the hypothalamus secrete?
Releasing and inhibiting hormones (TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH, GHIH, PRH, PIH)
34
What hormone does the Zona glomerulosa secrete?
Aldosterone
35
Target cells: aldosterone
Kidney tubules
36
Function: aldosterone
Increase sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion
37
What hormones does the Zona fasciculata and Zona reticularis secrete?
Cortisol and androgens
38
Target cells: cortisol
Most cells
39
Target cells: androgens
Females -- bone and brain
40
Function: cortisol
Increase blood glucose from protein and fat stores and contributes to stress adaptation
41
Function: androgens
Responsible for pubertal growth super and sex drive in females
42
What hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
43
Target cells: epinephrine and norepinephrine
Sympathetic receptor sites across the body
44
Function: epinephrine and norepinephrine
Reinforces SNS, contributes to stress adaptation, and regulates blood pressure
45
What hormones does the endocrine pancreas secrete?
Insulin (beta cells), glucagon (alpha cells), and somatostatin (D cells)
46
Target cells: insulin
Most cells
47
Function: insulin
Promote uptake, use, and storage of absorbed nutrients
48
Target cells: glucagon
Most cells
49
Function: glucagon
Maintains nutrient levels in blood during postabsorptive state
50
Target cells: somatostatin
Digestive system and pancreatic islet cells
51
Function: somatostatin in digestive system
Inhibits digestion and absorption of nutrients
52
Function: somatostatin in pancreatic islet cells
Inhibits secretion of all pancreatic hormones
53
What hormones does the parathyroid gland secrete?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
54
Target cells: parathyroid hormone
Bone, kidneys, and intestine
55
Function: parathyroid hormone
Increase plasma calcium concentration, decreases plasma phosphate concentration, and stimulates vitamin D activation
56
What hormones does the ovaries secrete?
Estrogen and progesterone
57
Target cells: estrogen
Female sex organs, the body as a whole and bones
58
Function: estrogen in female sex organs
Promote follicular, secondary sexual characteristics, uterine, and breast growth
59
Function: estrogen in bone
Promote closure of epiphyseal plate
60
Target cells: progesterone
Uterus
61
Function: progesterone
Prepare for pregnancy
62
What hormone does the testes secrete?
Testosterone
63
Target cells: testosterone
Male sex organs, the body as a whole, and bones
64
Function: testosterone in male sex organs
Stimulates sperm production and sex drive, and governs development of secondary sexual characteristics
65
Function: testosterone in bone
Enhances pubertal growth spurt
66
What hormone is secreted by the ovaries AND testes?
Inhibin
67
Target cells: inhibin
Anterior pituitary
68
Function: inhibin
Inhibits secretion of FSH
69
What hormones does the placenta secrete?
Estrogen and progesterone
70
Target cells: estrogen and progesterone from placenta
Female sex organs
71
Functions: estrogen and progesterone from placenta
Maintain pregnancy and prepare breasts for lactation

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