Major Minerals

Question 1

What are minerals?

Answer 1

Inorganic elements needed in relatively small amounts

Question 2

Minerals are similar to vitamins as they do not provide _____ but they work with other nutrients to enable your body to function properly

Answer 2

kcal

Question 3

T or F

Mineral can be destroyed by heat, O2 or acid?

Answer 3

F

Question 4

T or F

can minerals leach out of food into cooking water as they are water-soluble

Answer 4

T

Question 5

Major vs Trace minerals

Are Major minerals required in the diet in amounts greater than 100mg/day?

Are trace minerals required in the diet in amounts greater than 100mg/day?

Answer 5

Yes
NO, required in amounts of 100mg/day or less

Question 6

Major minerals are present in the body in amounts _______ than 0.01% of body mass

Trace minerals are present in the body in amounts of 0.01% of body mass or _______

Answer 6

greater

less

Question 7

Minerals serve as _______ necessary for enzyme activity

Answer 7

cofactors

Question 8

Explain the method of minerals acting as cofactors

Answer 8

1. the mineral cofactor combines with the incomplete enzyme to from the ACTIVE ENZYME
2. The active enzyme binds to the molecule involved in the chemical reaction (compounds A & B) and accelerates their transformation into the final products (A & B)
3. Final products are released, while enzyme remains unchanged

Question 9

What is bioavailability?

Answer 9

How much vitamins and minerals are absorbed. (How much of that vitamin and mineral are absorbed).

Question 10

Are plant foods or animal foods more reliable sources of minerals?

Answer 10

animal foods

Question 11

Plant foods may contain phytic acid or oxalic acid which interfere with what?

Answer 11

MIneral absorption

Question 12

Bioavailability of minerals

What mineral has the most bioavailability

Answer 12

Sodium Na+

Question 13

For some, absorption depends on amount of mineral consumed. For others, consumption of other minerals carrying the same charge affects absorption

For example: Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe all carry 2+ charge; high intake of
one may_________

Answer 13

reduce the absorption of others

Question 14

Minerals: functions

Let’s start by going back to electrolytes

How are body fluids regulated?

Answer 14

through controlling fluid shifts in and out of cells osmosis

Question 15

Sodium toxicity (hypernatremia)

Increased plasma Na+ caused by:

Answer 15

water loss
gain in sodium

Question 16

Symptoms of hypernatremia

Answer 16

edema, hypertension

Question 17

Sources of chloride

Most chloride is consumed in ____ or _____ _____ ______

Answer 17

table or sea salt

Question 18

T or F

Chloride toxicity and deficiency is rare

Answer 18

T

Question 19

Potassium is the main ______ _______

Answer 19

intracellular cation (+)

Question 20

Potassium roles in the body

Answer 20

Lowers high BP

Question 21

POtassium deficiency (hypokalemia)

Answer 21

rare

Question 22

Potassium toxicity (hyperkalemia)

Answer 22

very rarely dietary (but can occur from supplements)

Question 23

What are the bone building nutrients

Answer 23

Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium

Question 24

adequate absorption of calcium depends on adequate levels of ______ ___

Answer 24

vitamin D

Question 25

Blood levels of calcium is regulated by ____

Answer 25

PTH

Question 26

What is more widely distributed in the diet, Ca or P

Answer 26

P

Question 27

how much of P is typically absorbed in diet?

Most found in _____ & _____

Answer 27

60-70%

bones and teeth

Question 28

How much of Mg is typically absorbed ?

Important for ____ _____& needed as a _________ for numerous reactions throughout the body

Answer 28

50%

bone health & cofactor