Water and Major Minerals

Question 1

Where is water?

Answer 1

Intracellular (66%)
Extracellular (33%)

Question 2

Total Body Water

(TBW) =

Answer 2

ICF + ECF

Question 3

Functions of water in the body

Solvent

Answer 3

solutes dissolve in solvent to form solution

Question 4

Water regulates body fluids by controlling fluid shifts in and out of cells. This is called what process?

Provide an example

Answer 4

Osmosis

Electrolytes

Question 5

“Everywhere _____ goes, _______ flows”

Answer 5

salt, water

Question 6

What are some common electrolytes?

Answer 6

SOdium (Na+)
Potassium (K+)
Chloride (Cl-)

Question 7

Electrolytes are _____ that dissolve in _____

______&_____ attract water

As cells move electrolytes in & out, water follow enabled by ______ _______

Answer 7

salts, water

anions, cations

osmotic pressure

Question 8

Osmotic pressure moves water across membranes in presence of ________ _______

Answer 8

concentration gradient

Question 9

• O2 drawn to _____ cation
  H + drawn to _________ anion

Answer 9

Na+

Cl-

Question 10

Cells need to maintain their fluid balance

What happens when a red blood cell is placed into a solution containing fewer sodium ions than are present inside the cell?

Answer 10

Water flows into the cell, which swells and may burst

Question 11

What happens when a red blood cell is placed into a solution containing more sodium ions than are present inside the cell?

Answer 11

water flows out of the cell, which shrivels

Question 12

what organ is a major regulator of body water content and ion concentration

Answer 12

kidneys

Question 13

Some minerals/waste collect into crystal causing ______ _____

Answer 13

kidney stones

Question 14

Kidneys also remove ______ products

Answer 14

waste

Question 15

Regulation of Water Loss (increase or decrease the amount of water excreted in urine)

When solute in blood is high _______ secreted form the ______ ________ tells kidneys to _______ _______ (Decrease the amount lost in urine)

Answer 15

ADH
pituitary gland
reabsorb water

Question 16

When solute in blood is low, _________ decreases so less water is _________(increase loss in urine)

Answer 16

ADH
reabsorbed

Question 17

Therefore ADH is secreted in response to __________

Answer 17

dehydration

Question 18

Hypohydration is ________

Answer 18

dehydration

Question 19

Hyperhydration is __________

Answer 19

excessive fluid intake

Question 20

Hyponatrmeia is ________

Answer 20

the sodium level in the blood is below normal

Question 21

Hypernatremia is ______

Answer 21

excess sodium level in the blood

Question 22

Hydration Level Indicator: Thirst

This sensation will not stimulate drinking behaviour until some degree of ________ has already occurred.

Answer 22

dehydration

Question 23

acute water toxicity

Not as common as dehydration but more dangerous!

Water intake exceeds fluid losses

Associated with __________

Answer 23

hyponatremia