Making of America- American cultures 1877-1900

Question 1

Give three examples of what was life like for native americans after the great sioux war?

Answer 1

Many plains indian nations were forced on to US government reservations

The government did not put a lot of money into reservations.

The arrival of homesteaders, ranchers and big businesses on the plains pushed many plains Indians to starvation. The government did almost nothing to stop this

Question 2

Give three examples of attempts to destroy plains culture on the reservations

Answer 2

Native Americans were forced to convert to Christianity

Many native American children were educated in Christian boarding schools

Native English children were made to choose English names

Question 3

What was set up to protect the rights of native americans and when?

Answer 3

The Friends of the indian was set up in 1883 to protect the rights of native americans

Question 4

Give two examples of problems that the friends of the native Americans tried to solve

Answer 4

They reported corrupt agents and monitored how the money on reservations was spent

They set up schools to help native american children learn english, so that they could access jobs in white america

They persuaded the government to pass the dawes act in 1887. It gave each native american family 160 acres and citizenship they gave up their claim to their tribal lands

Question 5

What were the negatives to the friends of the indian solutions?

Answer 5

It meant that native americans lost huge amounts of their land

By 1900, nearly two-thirds of the land held by native Americans in 1877 had been taken by white settlers

Question 6

Roughly how many buffalo were killed by white hunters?

Answer 6

3 million

Question 7

What was the Ghost Dance movement?

Answer 7

During the 1890s a new religious movement called the ghost dance movement sprang up on the reservations.

Question 8

Who led the ghost dance movement?

Answer 8

Wovoka

Question 9

How did the government respond to the Ghost dance movement?

Answer 9

In 1890, the government sent in the army to stop the ghost dance movement. Many of the ghost dancers ran away to dakota

The ghost dancers were eventually tracked down at a place called wounded knee. The army opened fire and killed over 250 people

Question 10

When and how many Ghost Dancers surrendered?

Answer 10

On 15 January 1891, over 4000 ghost dancers surrendered

Question 11

What was life like in the south after the end of reconstruction for black americans?

Answer 11

Black americnas were generally prevented from getting better paid jobs

The majority of black americans in the south worked as sharecroppers on land owned by former slaveholders

Question 12

What were the challenges in the north for black americans after the end of reconstruction?

Answer 12

Many black americans left the south for northern cities

Due to racism, black workers were much less likely to get a job than white workers, even if they were more qualified

Question 13

What was education like for black Americans after the end of reconstruction?

Answer 13

In 1882, Booker T Washingtion set up a school to train black children to be farmers, craftsmen and house servants.

In 1900, Washington established the Negro Business League to support black businesses

By 1900, there were 23,866 black teachers, 417 black doctors and 300 black lawyers in the USA

Question 14

What were the Jim Crow Laws?

Answer 14

Laws introduced in the 1890s, introducing segregation in many southern states

Question 15

What were the positive impacts of the Jim Crown Laws on black Americans?

Answer 15

There was a growth in published output from black scholars. Over 100 books and 206 journal articles were published by black authors between 1865 and 1893

Question 16

What were the opportunities in the west for black americans after the end of reconstruction?

Answer 16

The Homestead act was open to black americans

In 1877, Benjamin Singleton tried to encourage formerly enslaved people to move to Kansas and claim land under the homestead act

By 1879, over 6000 black americans had moved to kansas. By 1880, this had doubled. They became known as the exodusters

Question 17

What name was given to black americans who moved to kansas between 1877 and 79?

Answer 17

Exodusters

Question 18

How many black lawyers were there in the USA by 1900?

Answer 18

300

Question 19

Give 4 things which led to increased violence against black americans

Answer 19

• The redeemers
  -Ku Klux Klan
  -Lynching
• Constitutional changes

Question 20

What were the redeemers?

Answer 20

Southern state governments than were run by ex-slaveholders

Question 21

What did the redeemers try to do?

Answer 21

Undo the changes made after the civil war

They brought in literacy tests to stop black Americans from voting, introduced segregation laws and ignored violence against black Americans

Question 22

When were the Ku Klux Klan banned and then reformed?

Answer 22

Banned in 1870s, but reformed secretly in 1890s

Question 23

What was lynching?

Answer 23

Hanging someone without a proper trial
In 1892 alone, 161 black Americans were lynched by black mobs

Question 24

What was the growth of cotton and tobacco like in this period?

Answer 24

The number of cotton mills in the south doubled between 1880 and 1900

The american tobacco company controlled 90 per cent of cigarette production

Question 25

What was the impact of the cotton and tobacco industry on the people?

Answer 25

Cotton was usually picked by poorly paid black Americans or sharecroppers

Question 26

What was the growth of farms and ranches like in this period?

Answer 26

Huge bonanza farms (farms over 10,000 acres) and ranches began to appear in the 1880s By 1990 most farms and ranches in the west were owned by a handful of people

Question 27

What was the impact of the farms and ranches on the people?

Answer 27

Bonanza ranches sometimes used violence to intimidate small-scale ranchers Black and minority farmers could not usually compete with the bonanza farmers

Question 28

What was the growth of the mineral industry like in this period?

Answer 28

The growth of railroads led to a demand for coal, iron, steel and other minerals Coal production in the south increased ten-fold between 1875 and 1890

Question 29

What was the impact of the growth of the mineral industry on the people?

Answer 29

Big corporations used their power and political influence to pay workers as little as possible

Question 30

How much did cities grow?

Answer 30

In 1870, there were fourteen cities with more than 100000 people in the USA, by 1900 there were 38

Question 31

Give 2 impacts of the growth of cities?

Answer 31

Many cities were overcrowded, overcrowding led to disease Western cities were a driving force behind women getting the vote in the USA in the 1920s

Question 32

What are some pull factors of the USA in this time period?

Answer 32

The American economy was booming Travel to America was faster and cheaper thanks to steam ships American offered freedom of religion and thought

Question 33

Give three features of life in america for immigrants

Answer 33

Anti-immigrant violence was common Immigrants ended up in the poorest areas of cities Laws prevented Chinese workers from moving freely in California

Question 34

How many Italian immigrants came from Italy in the 1890s

Answer 34

600000