malnutrition

Question 1

Define the classes of protein energy malnutrition.

Answer 1

malnutrition as a result of an insufficient intake of protein and calories.
Two classes of PEM: 1. KWASHIORKOR 2. MARASMUS

Question 2

Compare the similarities and differences between
marasmus and kwashiorkor.

Answer 2

table

Question 3

Explain the biochemical basis for anemia, fatty liver and
edema in kwashiorkor.

Answer 3

• Biochemical manifestation:
  ✓Decreased plasma albumin: Low proteins intake→decreased
  synthesis of proteins (albumin)→cause oedema.
  ✓Low concentration of haemoglobin: due to several vitamin
  deficiencies (vit B12 and folate) and cause anaemia.
  ✓Fatty liver: Low proteins intake→decreased synthesis of protein carrier (apolipoproteins) that transport fat out of the liver.
  ✓Deficiency of K+ due to diarrhoea.

Question 4

Explain the biochemical basis for muscle wasting in
marasmus.

Answer 4

Muscle wasting and emaciation: lack of dietary intake causes loss of muscle mass and subcutaneous fat.