Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ruminant Medicine > Mammary gland diseases (non-mastitis) > Flashcards

Mammary gland diseases (non-mastitis) Flashcards

1
Q

What teat diseases can occur?

A
  • Teat end injury
  • Acquired teat-cistern obstructions
  • Lacerations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the clinical signs of teat end injuries?

A
  • Painful soft tissue swelling of the distal teat
  • Incomplete milk-out from affected quarters
  • Mastitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How would we treat teat obstructions?

A
  • Downward pressure applied
  • Remove plug
  • Cannulate to keep open
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do we treat teat injuries and lacerations?

A
  • Clean and disinfect the wound
  • Dress teat orifice with anti-septic cream and bandage after milking
  • Treat any deep wounds
  • Cannulation for 24 hours - so milk does not delay healing
  • ATB if needed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can cause a breakdown or loss of the support apparatus of the teat?

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Nutritional - poor vitamin & mineral balances
  3. Management - delayed treatment of udders
  4. Multiparous cows in herds producing a lot of milk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of a breakdown or loss of support apparatus

A
  1. Loosening of the support apparatus due to poor muscle and ligament quality
  2. Dropped of udder to floor
  3. Lateral deviation of teats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the clinical signs of a breakdown of the MEDIAL laminae?

A

The medial longitudinal groove between the left and right halves of the udder disappear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the clinical signs of a breakdown of the lateral laminae?

A

The udder is at the level of the hocks or lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the clinical signs of a loss of fore udder support?

A

Forequarters appear detached from the ventral abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do we treat a breakdown or loss of support apparatus?

A

There is no treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can cause udder haematomas?

A
  • Self-induced trauma
  • External trauma
  • Caudal udder haematomas, e.g. thrombosis or rupture of te perineal vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the clinical signs of udder haematoma in lactating cows?

A

Soft tissue swelling cranial to the udder and blood from the teats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the clinical signs of udder haematoma in dry cows?

A

Swelling ventral to the vulva and dorsal to the read quarters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the clinical signs of udder oedma?

A
  • Fluctuant, soft and firm
  • Varying degrees of blood
  • Painless and cool
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the prognosis for udder haematomas?

A

Usually good with conservative treatment.

Guarded if progressive enlargement and anaemia, leading to death within 2-7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the main differential for an udder haematoma?

A

Udder abscess

17
Q

How do we treat udder haematomas?

A
  1. Box or stall rest - monitoring for 12-24 hours
  2. Whole blood transfusion in severe cases
18
Q

What are examples of INAPPROPRIATE treatment of udder haematomas?

A
  • NSAID USE - heightens the risk of bleeding
  • INCISION - risk of severe bleeding
19
Q

What is a leaker teat?

A

When high intra-mammary pressure in high-producing cows leads to milk to drip from the teat

20
Q

What are the consequences of leaker teats?

A

Mastitis will occur

21
Q

What is the treatment of leaker teat?

A

None - cull

22
Q

What are the causes of udder oedema?

A
  • Physiological - few weeks before calving in heifers
  • Genetics
  • Cardac conditions
  • Caudal vena cava thrombosis
  • Mammary gland thrombosis
  • Hypoproteinaemia
  • High protein diets
  • High dietary potassium
23
Q

What are the clinical signs and consequences associated with udder oedema?

A
  • Doughy, pitted consistency of the udder
  • Painful
  • Milking problems
  • Mastitis risk
24
Q

Which quarter/s are most commonly affected by udder oedema?

A

Rear quarters and the floor of the udder

25
Q

How do we treat udder oedema?

A
  1. Diuretics - furosemide - 0.5-1mg/kg
  2. Salt restriction
  3. Frequent milking or calf suckling
  4. Udder supports
  5. Metritis treatment
26
Q

What is intertrigo?

A

Udder cleft dermatitis - foul semlling areas of moist dermatitis in the udder clefts

27
Q

What can cause intertrigo?

A
  • Pressure necrosis - udder oedema
  • Fusobacterium necrophorum
  • Trueperella pyogenes
  • Rarely
    • Chorioptic mange
    • Malassezia spp
28
Q

What are the clinical signs of intertrigo?

A
  • Fetid odour
  • Skin necrosis of large patches of skin
  • Lameness
29
Q

How do we treat intertrigo?

A
  • Disinfection - H202 or betadine
  • Keep area dry
  • ATB if required
30
Q

What infectious agents cause udder diseases?

A
  1. Pseudocowpox
  2. Bovine ulcerative mammilitis
  3. Papillomatosis (esp BPV-5 & BPV-6)
  4. Caprine arthritis and encephalitis
  5. FMD
  6. Vesicular stomatitis
  7. Orf
  8. BVDV
  9. IBR
  10. Brucellosis
  11. Q fever
31
Q

What is Q fever?

A

Coxiella burnetti

32
Q

How is Q fever transmitted?

A

Ticks - Ixodes & Argas spp.

33
Q

What are the clinical signs of Q fever?

A
  • Abortion or stillbirth
  • Retained placenta
  • Endometritis
  • Infertility
  • Agalactia
  • Fever
  • Mastitis

Ruminant Medicine (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions