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Ruminant Medicine > Viral neurological diseases > Flashcards

Viral neurological diseases Flashcards

1
Q

List some viral diseases affecting the neurological system

A
  1. Rabies
  2. Aujeszky’s disease
  3. Caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus
  4. Maedi visna virus
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2
Q

What are some other names for Aujeszky’s disease?

A
  1. Pseudorabies
  2. Match Itch
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3
Q

What is the aetiological agent of Aujesky’s disease?

A
  • Suid herpesvirus -1*
  • Varicellovirus*
  • Herpesviridae*
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4
Q

Who is the main host of AD?

A

Swine

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5
Q

How is AD transmitted?

A
  • Inhalation of the virus
  • Ingestion
  • Fomites
  • Carcasses
  • Latent carriers - pigs
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6
Q

How far can aerosol AD travel?

A

2km

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7
Q

How does AD affect the body (pathogenesis)?

A
  1. Virus enters the oropharynx
  2. Replicates in the epithelium of the nose, mouth, tonsils, oesophagus and upper respiratory tract
  3. Travels to the axoplasm of the cranial nerves
  4. Within 24 hours the virus can be isolated from the cranial nerve ganglia
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8
Q

What are the clinical signs of AD in cattle and sheep?

A

DEATH within 1-2 days

  • Intense pruritus of a concentrated patch of skin
  • Progressive weakness
  • Recumbency
  • Neurological signs
  • Heart abnormalities
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9
Q

What are the post mortem signs of AD in ruminants?

A

Areas of oedema, congestion and haemorrhage of the spinal cord

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10
Q

How do we diagnose AD?

A
  • Clinical signs
  • Virus isolation
  • Serology - ELISA, VNT and latex agglutination
  • Immunofluoresence and immunoperoxidase
  • PCR
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11
Q

What samples do we need to take for AD?

A
  • Section of spinal cord that innervates the pruritic area
  • Pruritic area of skin plus SC tissue
  • Nasal swab, oropharyngeal tissue and tonsil biopsy
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12
Q

How do we treat AD?

A

Cull!

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13
Q

What is the aetiological agent of CAE?

A
  • Lentivirus
  • Retroviridae
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14
Q

How is CAE transmitted?

A

In kids, by drinking colostrum and milk from affected dams.

Horizontal transfer is less common, via direct contact, exposure of fomites and/or contaminated milk

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15
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of CAE

A
  1. Infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages
  2. Localise in the synovial, CNS, lungs, mammry glands, kidneys, heart and lymphoid tissue
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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of the arthritis syndrome of CAE?

A
  • Chronic polyarthritis of all joints (mainly carpal joints)
  • Synovitis
  • Bursitis
  • Recumbency
  • Loss of condition - poor coat
17
Q

Describe the clinical signs of the encephalitic syndrome of CAE

A
  • Progressive wasting
  • Tremor
  • Afebrile
  • Hind limb ataxia progressing to paralysis of all limbs
  • Opisthotonus of head and neck
  • Head pressing
18
Q

What other clinical signs can be seen in CAE?

A
  1. Pneumonia
  2. Mastitis
19
Q

How do we diagnose CAE?

A
  1. Clinical signs and history
  2. Hisology of the CNS
  3. ELISA, AGID, PCR
20
Q

What are the differentials of CAE?

A
  • Listeriosis
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Borna virus
  • Enterotoxaemia
21
Q

How do we treat CAE?

A

None - usually fatal

22
Q

How do we prevent CAE?

A

Vaccination

Radical elimination of disease

23
Q

What is the aetiological agent of Maedi-Visna?

A
  • Lentivirus*
  • Retroviridae*
24
Q

How is MV transmitted?

A
  • Ingestion of infected colostrum or milk
  • Close contact - respiratory route
  • Water contaminated faeces - rare
  • Intrauterine spread - rare/negligable
25
Q

Describe the clinical signs of Maedi?

A

RESPIRATORY SIGNS IN SHEEP

  • Wasting
  • Progressive dyspnoea
  • Dry cough with no exudate
  • Death from anoxia and secondary pneumonia
26
Q

Describe the clinical signs of Visna

A

NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE OF GOATS

  • Hindlimb weakness
  • Trembling of lips
  • Head tilt
  • Ataxia, incoordination
  • Paresis, paraplegia
27
Q

Other signs of MV?

A
  • Mastitis (but normal composition)
  • Slowly progressive arthritis with severe lameness
  • Poor weight gain
28
Q

How do we diagnose MV?

A
  1. Clinical signs
  2. PCR
  3. ELISA, AGID
29
Q

How do we treat MV?

A

None - supportive

30
Q

How do we prevent MV?

A

NO VACCINE

  • Only stock MV free animals
  • Cull seropositive
  • Quarantine and test before entry
  • Isolate lambs from seropositive dams IMMEDIATELY

Ruminant Medicine (12 decks)

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