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Mastitis Flashcards

(38 cards)

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1
Q

What are the contagious agents causing mastitis?

A
  • Streptococcus agalactiae
  • Streptococcus dysgalactiae
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Mycoplasma bovis/ovis/caprae
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2
Q

What are the environmental agents for mastitis?

A
  • Streptococcus uberis
  • Coagulase negative Staphylococci
  • Truperella pyogenes
  • Coliforms
  • Pseudomonas
  • Candida
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3
Q

What other agents can cause mastitis?

A
  • Prototheca*
  • Clostridium perfringens*
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4
Q

How to organisms gain entry to the teats?

A

Through the streak canal, then progress upwards to the lactigerous sinus, collecting ducts and alveoli

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5
Q

What are the different types of mastitis?

A
  1. Sub-clinical
  2. Clinical
  3. Per-acute
  4. Acute
  5. Sub-acute
  6. Chronic
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6
Q

What are the predisposing factors for mastitis?

A
  • Stage of lactation - first 2 months post partum
  • Sphincter size - older cows have larger openings
  • Anatomy
  • Immunological status
  • Presence of udder lesions
  • Milking management system (hygiene)
  • Nutrition
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7
Q

What are the differences between acute and chronic cases of mastitis?

A
  • ACUTE - hot, swollen and oedematous
  • CHRONIC - hard, cold and atrophic
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8
Q

SCC in Q class milk

A

<300,000/ml

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9
Q

SCC in 1st class milk

A

<100,000/ml

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10
Q

What is the pH of mastitis milk?

A

Increased pH (>7)

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11
Q

Describe the ranges for California milk test

A

0 - <200,000 - negative, fluid mixes without thickening or slime formation

1 - 300,000 - slight thickening

2 - 900,000 - distinct thickening, with no slime

3 - 2,700,000 - slime formation

4 - 8,000,000 - slime, gel with solid peaks

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12
Q

Whats the difference between treating mastitis in cows and sheep?

A

COW - intramammary preparations

SHEEP - no intramammary preparations available

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13
Q

What intramammary ATB can be used for mastitis?

A
  • Penicillin
  • Erythromycin
  • Oxytetracycline
  • Streptomycin
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14
Q

What parenteral ATB can be used for mastitis?

A

NEVER LONG LASTING

  • Amoxicillin
  • Cefquinome
  • Marbofloxacin
  • Enrofloxacin
  • Tylosin
  • Lincomycin
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15
Q

Why are weakly basic drugs better for mastitis?

A

As they accumulate in the mammary gland - tylosin and lincomycin

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16
Q

What is the MAIN cause of mastitis in cows?

Study These Flashcards
A

Staphylococcus aureus

17
Q

How to Staph aureus transmitted?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Fomites
  • From infected quarters
  • Milker’s hands and equipment
  • Contaminated bedding
18
Q

What are the forms of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Acute/peracute
  2. Gangrenous peracute
  3. Chronic
19
Q

Describe the clinical signs of acute/peracute Staph aureus mastitis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Fever
  • Swollen hot painful quarters
  • Purulent secretion with clots and flakes
20
Q

Describe the clinical signs for gangrenous mastitis caused by Staph aureus

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A
  • Swollen, hot and painful quarters
  • Progreses to cold
  • Crepitation
  • Blue/black colour
  • Severe systemic signs - tachycardia, fever, depression, inappetence
21
Q

Describe the clinical signs for chronic mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus

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A
  • Slow development
  • Fibrosis
  • Atrophy
  • Occasional milk clots
22
Q

What Streptococcal agents can cause contagious mastitis?

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A
  1. Streptococcus agalactiae
  2. Streptococcus dysgalactiae
23
Q

Which Mycoplasma species cause mastitis in ruminants?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Mycoplasma bovis - COW
  • Mycoplasma agalactiae/mycoides - SHEEP and GOATS
24
Q

Describe the clinical signs of mastitis caused by mycoplasma

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Decreased milk yield
  • Udder oedema
  • Supramammary lymph node enlargement
  • Mild fever and anorexia
  • Secretions progress from fine, then grainy or flaky, then cheesy
  • Arthritis and pneumonia
25
Which *Streptococcal spp.* are found in the environment?
*Streptococcus uberis*
26
When do cows suffer from environmental streptoccocal mastitis?
Usually during the dry period, in the winter months
27
How effective is treatment of environmental streptococcal mastitis?
90% - using intramammary penicillin
28
What are the clinical signs of *Trueperella* mastitis?
PERACUTE DISEASE WITH HIGH MORTALITY * Severe systemic reaction * Fever * Tachcyardia * Anorexia, depression, weakness * Abortion * Hard, swollen, painful udder * Purulent and foul smelling secretion * Abscess in udder with sloughing
29
What is the prognosis of *Trueperella* mastitis?
POOR! Even with treatment
30
Which coliforms can cause environmental mastitis?
1. *E. coli* 2. *Klebsiella* 3. *Enterobacter* 4. *Pasteurella* 5. *Pseudomonas*
31
When is coliform mastitis typically seen?
During early lactation
32
What are the clinical signs of coliform mastitis?
PERACUTE/ACUTE * Warm swollen quarter * Serum/watery secretion * Fever * Endotoxaemia * Anorexia * Septicaemia * Death
33
How do we treat coliform mastitis?
* Systemic and local ATB * Fluids * NSAIDs * 300ml 5% betadine * Milk every 2 hours to prevent build up of endotoxins
34
What fungi can cause mastitis?
* *Candida albicans* * *Aspergillus fumigatus* * *Cryptococcus neoformans*
35
What conditions are good for fungal growth?
Moisture and warmth
36
What are the clinical signs of fungal mastitis?
ACUTE * Udder inflammation * Swelling of affected quarters * Enlarged supramammary lymph nodes * Significant drop in milk production * Viscous, white-grey, mucoid secretions
37
How to treat fungal mastitis?
* DISCONTINUE USE OF ATB * Strip affected quarters 4 x daily
38
List some other causes of mastitis
* *Clostridium perfringens* * *Mycobacterium bovis* * *Pasteurella haemolyticum*

Ruminant Medicine (12 decks)

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